Role of Nutraceuticals in Risk of Miscarriage and Related Outcomes
Priyanka Bhatt, Maryam Sadat Miraghajani, Sarvadaman Pathak, Yashwant Pathak in Nutraceuticals for Prenatal, Maternal and Offspring’s Nutritional Health, 2019
Maternal mortality refers to the deaths of women that happen after pregnancy and this could occur within 1 to 2 months after giving birth. Women with closely spaced pregnancies are commonly at higher risk of experiencing this. One of the main reasons for maternal deaths is the lack of nutrients to be shared between the mother and foetus, therefore, the mother has a higher chance of having a preterm birth, which can negatively impact foetal growth. Due to this the mother has a high chance of maternal mortality or morbidity [8]. The three main causes of maternal mortality are induced abortions, postpartum infections, and pregnancy-induced hypertension [9]. Overall, in relation to stillbirth, miscarriages, and maternal mortality, clinical studies have shown that nutraceuticals play a vital role.
M
Filomena Pereira-Maxwell in Medical Statistics, 2018
A measure of the risk of dying from causes associated with (direct obstetric deaths), or aggravated by (indirect obstetric deaths) pregnancy and childbirth. Calculated as the number of deaths from complications of pregnancy, delivery or postpartum that occur in a given population and over a given time-period, divided by the number of live births in the same population over the same period of time (usually 1 year), and usually expressed per 1000 or 100,000. It is therefore a ratio, rather than a true rate. The WHO definition of a maternal death is the death of a woman (from the above causes) while pregnant or within 42 days of the end of the pregnancy, regardless of duration or site. See also mortality rate, birth rate, fertility rate. Additional details are given by PORTA (ed., 2014).
Facing noncommunicable diseases’ global epidemic: The battle of prevention starts in utero—The FIGO challenge
Moshe Hod, Lois G. Jovanovic, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Alberto de Leiva, Oded Langer in Textbook of Diabetes and Pregnancy, 2018
Traditionally, the FIGO’s focus is on high maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in low-resource countries and measures to reduce it. Recently, there has been a reduction in maternal mortality to 350,000 maternal deaths annually, which represents a 34% decline. However, reduction of maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa is far below optimum for achieving MDG 5 target A: to reduce the MMR by three quarters. The Countdown to 2015 initiative (www.countdown2015mnch.org) has shown that only 5 of the 68 countries are on track to achieve this target. The leading causes of maternal mortality are preventable and include postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), preeclampsia, obstructed labor, infections, and other causes such as undernutrition, anemia, and unsafe abortion. NCDs such as diabetes, obesity, undernutrition, and anemia are responsible for maternal conditions that have an important impact on maternal mortality.39 Diabetes (pregestational and gestational) can cause macrosomia, obstructed labor, PPH, and neonatal mortality (prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, etc.). Ensuring optimal health during pregnancy and in the early childhood years not only provides the best chance for a healthy start but also reduces suffering and the cost to society of chronic diseases over decades of life. In this sense, the preconceptional state can be crucial. Many parental effects on the developing offspring occur even before pregnancy.
Women’s childbearing location preferences in South Ethiopia: a qualitative study
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2019
Elin Mordal, Solfrid Vatne, Hirut Gemeda Agafari, Meseret Tsegaye, Ingeborg Ulvund
The majority of the world’s maternal deaths (99%) occur in developing countries (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and United Nations Population Division, 2015). The major causes of maternal death include severe bleeding (mostly after childbirth), obstructed labor, ruptured uterus, high blood pressure, infections, and complications from abortion (WHO, 2017). This illustrate that in the Global South, many of the deaths that result from childbirth could be avoided if the birth were assisted by skilled birth attendants. It has been suggested that the presence of skilled attendants during childbirth and in the early postpartum period can prevent at least 75% of maternal deaths (WHO, 2015). Although the rural-urban gap in the provision of skilled care during childbirth has narrowed, there is still a long way to go before all women receive the necessary medical care during and following childbirth. It is therefore essential to understand why women continue to give birth at home even when facility-based delivery is available. In this article, we focus on the conditions affecting women’s preferences with regard to the utilization of maternal health care services in rural areas of Ethiopia. Research in this field is particularly important to provide knowledge about how the complications associated with childbirth and the high maternal mortality in this region can be further reduced.
Adapting and Expanding Home-Based Life-Saving Skills to Include Family Planning to Promote Maternal Health in South Sudanese Refugees
Published in Women's Reproductive Health, 2020
Kelly Ackerson, Ruth Zielinski
Maternal health is key to creating healthy, sustainable communities (United Nations, 2019). Globally, approximately 830 women die every day from pregnancy-related issues, and most of these deaths occur in developing countries (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018b). Efforts to decrease maternal mortality and morbidity have not been entirely successful, particularly in low-income countries. For example, women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continue to have one of the highest rates of maternal mortality: An estimated 546 women die per 100,000 births (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2017). When an unplanned/mistimed pregnancy occurs, options are limited to either terminating the pregnancy or carrying it to term, and both are associated with risks to maternal health, particularly in the context of SSA. In South Sudan the estimated maternal mortality ratio is 792 per 100,000, one of the highest in the world. Ongoing conflict has led many South Sudanese (SS) to flee to bordering countries. The effect of this displacement on maternal health is unclear; however, it is unlikely that the result would be a significant improvement in maternal mortality or morbidity.
Structural correlates of modern contraceptive use among Ethiopian women
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2018
Nasser B. Ebrahim, Madhu S. Atteraya
Pregnancy and childbirth are significant health risks for mothers and their newborns, especially among women living in resource-poor countries like Ethiopia [United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), 2009]. For example, 41% of all pregnancies in Ethiopia are unintended (Singh et al., 2010). The annual maternal mortality rate is 353 per 100,000 live births [World Health Organization (WHO), 2015]. Nearly 400,000 abortions are performed in health facilities across the country, with 52,600 women treated for abortion related health problems annually (Singh et al., 2010). Sixty percent of abortions are unsafe and cause significant maternal mortalities and comorbidities (Guttmacher Institute, 2010b). The burden of having an obstetric fistula is enormous, with over 100,000 women currently living with the condition (Maheu-Giroux et al., 2015). Use of modern contraceptives can avert unintended pregnancies and reduce the incidence of unsafe abortions (Guttmacher Institute, 2010b; WHO, 2016) as well as help reduce pregnancy-related complications and death from early childbearing, allow women to space their pregnancies, improve infant and child survival, and slow down the rate of population growth (Daniels, Daugherty, Jones, & Moshe, 2015; Guttmacher Institute, 2010a; WHO, 2016). Contraceptives promote women's reproductive health and autonomy (WHO, 2016), and empowers them to plan their family's size (Guttmacher Institute, 2010a).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Birth Attendant
- Embolism
- Placenta
- Pregnancy
- Maternal Mortality Ratio
- Postpartum Bleeding
- Abortion
- Hypertensive Disease of Pregnancy
- Postpartum Infections
- Obstructed Labour