Miscarriage
Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy in Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
Threatened abortion may best be described as vaginal bleeding in the setting of a closed cervix but the diagnostic criteria for spontaneous abortion have not been met. Inevitable abortion refers to cases in which the patient has vaginal bleeding and cervical dilation, typically accompanied by crampy pelvic pain. In this case, products of conception may be visualized protruding through the internal cervical os. Missed abortion refers to a spontaneous abortion in a patient with or without symptoms and with a closed cervical os, with criteria for spontaneous abortion having been met. Incomplete abortion refers to cases in which vaginal bleeding and/or pain are present, the cervix is dilated, and products of conception are found within the cervical canal or have been reported to have passed, but the uterus is not completely evacuated. Complete abortion refers to cases in which the products of conception are entirely evacuated from the uterus and cervix and the cervix is closed on examination. Vaginal bleeding and pain may be mild or resolved.
Introduction
Nicholas Colgrove, Bruce P. Blackshaw, Daniel Rodger in Agency, Pregnancy and Persons, 2023
In Chapter 16, Miller discusses the risks associated with telemedicine abortion, which occurs when “abortion providers…send abortion pills—usually mifepristone and misoprostol—by post to women after a remote consultation by video or telephone”. Since the practice lacks all in-person contact with health-care staff, it exposes women to serious social and physical risks. First, in-person contact provides “a unique opportunity” to identify victims of domestic abuse, human trafficking and coerced abortion. Telemedicine abortion cannot protect women against those harms in the same way. Second, Miller argues that telemedicine abortion threatens women’s physical health too since the process increases the risk that pills will be taken later in pregnancy than is recommended. “Complications (primarily hemorrhage, infection, incomplete abortion, ongoing pregnancy) associated with abortion increases exponentially with gestational age”, so any delays increase risk. Further, without an in-person “physical examination and ultrasound”, women are “at increased risk of an unidentified ectopic pregnancy”. This exposes women to a serious threat of harm (including death). Despite these risks, some abortion proponents have argued that telemedicine abortion is “safe, effective, and acceptable to patients”. Miller responds by explaining why the studies proponents cite do not support those claims. Thus, “the full telemedicine experiment provoked by pandemic restrictions has resulted in significantly higher risks to women undergoing abortion and should therefore be ended”.
DRCOG MCQs for Circuit A Questions
Una F. Coales in DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Syntometrine: Composed of 5 units oxytocin and 500 meg ergonometrine maleate.Contraindicated in the second stage of labour.Given intramuscularly before surgical evacuation of the uterus in an incomplete abortion.Known side-effects of nausea and dizziness.Given with or after delivery of the shoulders in the third stage of labour.
The potential of Zishen Yutai pills to facilitate endometrial recovery and restore fertility after induced abortion in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Mianmian Li, Na Ning, Yu Liu, Xiaohui Li, Qiaojuan Mei, Jiebin Zhou, Qiuling Huang, Wenpei Xiang, Ling Zhang, Xiaoyan Xu
Abortion is a common procedure in women worldwide, with approximately one in four women suffered an abortion at some time in their lives (Sedgh et al. 2007). Intentional pregnancy termination can be performed either using mifepristone with misoprostol or through intrauterine surgical abortion performed by experienced healthcare providers; these two methods are distinguished as medical and surgical abortions, respectively (Ireland et al. 2015). Medical abortion can result in an incomplete abortion, which requires further subsequent uterine evacuation, leading to prolonged periods of bleeding, infection, and thinner endometrium. Surgical abortions are performed directly in the uterus, which can cause perforations and intrauterine adhesions (Templeton and Grimes 2011). These complications can cause serious damage to the endometrium and subsequent infertility (Dickens 2019). Therefore, effective repair of the injured endometrium and restoration of fertility are important issues in post-abortion healthcare (Liu et al. 2019; Kapp and Lohr 2020).
Early clinical features and risk factors for cesarean scar pregnancy: a retrospective case-control study
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2019
Lanrong Luo, Xiangyan Ruan, Changdong Li, Suwen Chen, Qiaofei Hu, Alfred O. Mueck
This retrospective case–control study was conducted in the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, China, from January 2014 to December 2016. We found 206 CSP out of 6,853 women with early pregnancies and compared with 412 patients as a control group (Figure 1). The patient sample number has been dependent on the number of diagnoses within the defined time-span of three years, comparing 1:2 with a randomly selected control group. Inclusion criteria: early pregnancy with history of CS. Exclusion criteria: (1) Abnormalities which may affect egg implantation, e.g. myoma. (2) History of placenta abnormalities. (3) Hydatidiform mole and multiple pregnancy. (4) Incomplete abortion. (5) Twenty years or more interval from last pregnancy, or between CS and CSP (Figure 1).
Ulipristal acetate on quality of life and sexual function of women with uterine fibromatosis
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2020
Antonella Biscione, Valeria Barra, Emma Bellone, Filiberto Maria Severi, Stefano Luisi
Uterine fibromatosis (UF) is the most common type of benign gynecologic tumors, affecting 20–40% of women of reproductive age [1]. UF affects women of every ethnic group but in African-American women the incidence is three times higher than Caucasian women [2,3]. UF is symptomatic in about 30% of patients; the presence and severity of symptoms depend on the localization, number, and size of fibroids. The most common symptoms include abnormal uterine bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, infertility or recurrent miscarriage, compression symptoms and urinary symptoms (dysuria and urinary urgency). According to frequency and symptoms, UF is a major source of morbidity for reproductive-age women, with a strong negative impact on the QoL. Women with UF experience significant psychological burden, including worry, fear, anxiety, depression, and helplessness. Fibroids can lead to a negative self-image which can also impact relationships [4]. One in four women reports that fibroids negatively impact work life and hinder them in their careers. Between 28 and 40% of women report loss of work due to fibroids. 68–88% of women report embarrassment due to the visibility of fibroids on their abdomen. The femaleness and sexuality are often underestimated topics, very impacted by this disease: 22–51% of women report that fibroids negatively affect their sex lives. 41–44% refer pain in sexual relations and 60% refer also decreased libido. 61% of patients feel limited in their daily activities and relationships with friends and relatives, mainly due to fibroids related symptoms and fatigue sensation [5,6].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Anxiety
- Fetal Viability
- Fetus
- Embryo
- Stillbirth
- Pregnancy With Abortive Outcome
- Gestation
- Vaginal Bleeding
- Sadness
- Guilt