A worrying lump
Tim French, Terry Wardle in The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
The key questions the GP should ask are aimed at differentiating between the features of benign and malignant breast disease: the size, position, edge, consistency, fixity or mobility of the lump should be asked about (these would normally be assessed on examination)has the lump enlarged?is it painful?does it change during her menstrual cycle?are there any other lumps, particularly in the armpit?have there been any skin changes including dimpling, or oedematous change (suggestive of peau d’orange)?are there any nipple changes such as inversion, or any discharge?
Computerized Ultrasound Tomography
A. Robb Ph.D. Richard in Three-Dimensional Biomedical Imaging, 2017
An attractive feature of ultrasound for medical imaging applications is that it is generally considered to be harmless at diagnostic intensities.7 There is considerable interest in applying computerized ultrasound tomography to imaging of the female breast and systems based on the reconstruction of transmission projections have been built.14,88,93 The geometry of the female breast lends itself well to transmission measurements. Since the breast is comprised entirely of soft tissues with variations in ultrasonic velocity of around ±7% relative to water,14 refraction effects are not too severe for the straight ray approximation to be useful. The incidence of many of the various forms of breast disease is high. For the approximately 15% of women in the U. S. who develop cancer of the breast, favorable prognosis appears to be dependent on early diagnosis.104 Differential diagnosis of breast disease and early detection of malignant tumors are therefore important clinical problems.
Breast Cancer
Dongyou Liu in Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Risk factors for breast cancer include (1) a personal history of benign (noncancerous) breast disease, in situ carcinoma, or invasive carcinoma; (2) a family history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative (mother, daughter, or sister); (3) inherited mutational changes in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes or other breast cancer–related genes; (4) exposure of breast tissue to estrogen made by the body (e.g., menstruating at an early age, older age at first birth or never having given birth, and starting menopause at a later age); (5) hormone replacement therapy (e.g., estrogen combined with progestin for symptoms of menopause); (6) exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) (to prevent miscarriage); (7) past radiotherapy in the breast or chest; (8) alcohol intake; (9) obesity; and (10) older age.
Efficacy and safety of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of BRCA-mutated breast cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
Xiaoyu Sun, Suying Xu, Yiming Li, Xuemei Lv, Minjie Wei, Miao He
RCTs of PARPis in BRCA-mutated breast cancer were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI. In addition, we also searched the minutes of the meeting, including: The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the ESMO and the Clinical Trials-Registration website (http://www. ClinicalTrials.gov) to ensure that our search is comprehensive and comprehensive. The following combination of MeSH-terms and keywords strategy was used: ‘Breast Neoplasms,’ “Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases inhibitors, ‘PARPis,’ ‘talazoparib,’ ‘olaparib,’ ‘niraparib,’ ‘rucaparib,’ ‘veliparib,’ ‘BRCA mutation,’ ‘BRCA-mutated.’ Qualified clinical studies were screened according to the inclusion criteria. Two researchers, Sun and Xu independently screened the titles and abstracts of all the citations through literature search. Any disagreements between the reviewers were resolved by consensus through discussion. For duplicated clinical trials, only the most complete or up-to-date publications were included. This systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement recommendations (http://www.prisma-statement.org/).
Quality of life of women living with metastatic breast cancer and receiving palliative care: A systematic review
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2021
Sigrunn Drageset, Gunhild Austrheim, Sidsel Ellingsen
We identified studies by searching major electronic bibliographic databases in the health sciences. Our search was conducted in Medline (OvidSP 1946–present), Embase (OvidSP 1974–present), PsycNFO (OvidSP 1806–present), and Cinahl (Ebscohost 1981–present); all databases were searched for their maximum time span. The final search was performed on December 17, 2019. Our search strategy had three PICO elements: population, intervention, and outcome. First, we searched for the population of patients with advanced breast cancer using the search terms “breast neoplasms” from the thesaurus, and a title/abstract search including “breast” or “mammary” and “cancer” or “neoplasms” or “tumors” or “adenocarcinomas” or “carcinomas.” Then we searched for intervention of PC using the following search terms: “hospice care,” “terminal care,” “palliative care,” and “end of life care.” Lastly, we searched for the outcome “quality of life” as a subject heading and in the title and abstract, using both the full term and the common abbreviations of the expression. The full search strategy is available online on request.
Pitfalls and controversies in pathology impacting breast cancer management
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2020
Woo Gyeong Kim, Margaret C. Cummings, Sunil R. Lakhani
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, accounting for 23% of cases [1]. In recent years there has been a dramatic positive impact on mortality due to population screening and improvements in adjuvant systemic therapies. In the past few decades, it has been recognized that breast cancer is heterogeneous, at the morphological, molecular, and clinical levels and this has very important implications for both the diagnosis and the management of the disease. The widespread practice of breast screening, the use of small tissue sampling for diagnosis, including by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or core needle biopsy (CNB), the recognition of new morphological and molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and the increasing use of neoadjuvant therapies have created challenges in the pathological diagnosis and classification of breast disease. Controversies regarding management decisions arise due to incomplete and sometimes conflicting data on clinicopathology associations, prognosis, and outcome.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Breast
- Fibroadenoma
- Neoplasm
- Breast Cancer
- Malignancy
- Breast Mass
- Breast Pain
- Nipple Discharge
- Phyllodes Tumor
- Dimple