Macromolecular Absorption From The Digestive Tract In Young Vertebrates
Károly Baintner in Intestinal Absorption of Macromolecules and Immune Transmission from Mother to Young, 2019
The postcolostral animal may remain hypogammaglobulinemic due to restricted suckling, low IgG content of maternal lacteal secretions, or unknown causes.948 Suckling may be hindered by agalactia, udder disease, pendulous udder, excitability of the mother or weakness of the young.172 In the too-cold stall, the piglets gather under the infrared lamp and are not willing to approach the sow. In certain calf-raising systems, the newborn is immediately separated from the cow after birth and gets colostrum from bottle or bucket. It may occur that a negligent nightman leaves the night-born calf unsuckled till morning; meanwhile, the transmissive ability begins to decline. Delays up to 12 hr frequently occur under farm conditions.1446 In a state farm using such a management system, regular checking of the gamma-globulin level of day-old calves was followed by dramatic improvement in the work of the responsible persons and decreased the proportion of hypogammaglobulinemic calves.864 On the farm, convenient, rapid, semiquantitative tests are preferred, e.g., the sodium sulfite precipitation test of Pfeiffer and McGuire.1139
What’s the truth on breast versus bottle?
Sarah Kuppen in Little Kids, Big Dilemmas, 2018
While most sources will tell you that all women can breastfeed, some medical reports suggest there are a small number of women who have biological reasons for low milk supply. In one example, women requiring formula to supplement their babies’ diets were found to have insufficient glandular development (Neifert, Seacat, & Jobe, 1985). While pumping and drinking water may help, maintaining exclusive breastfeeding may be more challenging for these women. Unfortunately, the underlying causes are not well understood. However, we do know that women who have had breast surgery (whether cosmetic or medical), have low thyroid hormone, have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or pituitary problems or have experienced excessive haemorrhaging after birth, may face difficulties with low milk supply (Marasco, Marmet, & Shell, 2000). The stress of a long labour or emergency Caesarean section may also be related to difficulties in milk production and establishing breastfeeding (Dewey, 2001). For these women, stress may be getting in the way of oxytocin release, which is then impairing the flow of milk from the breast, and over time lowering the level of milk production.
Oral cavity
Paul Ong, Rachel Skittrall in Gastrointestinal Nursing, 2017
There is considerable inconsistency in the amount of tongue restriction, with variable effects on tongue function. Many infants are asymptomatic and continue to be able to breastfeed successfully. However, for those with severe tightness of the frenulum, this can result in a restricted range of motion of the tongue in forward protrusion and/or lateral mobility. In some cases, the frenulum may extend to the tip of the tongue causing an indentation at the anterior edge. Ankyloglossia may cause difficulties with infant feeding, such as prolonged or frequent feeding times, inadequate milk intake and poor latching. For the mother, nipple soreness, breast pain, mastitis and low milk supply can occur (Edmunds et al., 2012; Kotlow, 2013). In older children and adults, ankyloglossia may result in difficulties in articulation of speech, maintaining oral hygiene, licking the lips or food, kissing and discomfort beneath the tongue.
Failure to Feed: Women’s Experiences of Breastfeeding and the Implications for Health Promotion Practice
Published in Women's Reproductive Health, 2021
Lauren N. Harrison, Alexandra Chin, Elena Neiterman
The majority of women in our study expressed a strong desire to breastfeed, yet a variety of challenges, such as difficulty latching, low milk supply, and nipple pain, created barriers to successful breastfeeding. As many of the women understood breastfeeding to be a natural process that their bodies would intuitively perform, they were unprepared for these problems. The conviction that breastfeeding is easy can be attributed in part to the ideology of natural motherhood, which posits that women have the instinctual ability to breastfeed and places this as a central facet of maternal authority (Martucci, 2015). Currently, public health efforts are geared toward breastfeeding campaigns and maternal education, and the recommendation has been made to increase public awareness of breastmilk as the optimal food source (Tuthill & McGrath, 2013). However, the attitude that breastfeeding is natural, which has been a key point of the public health discourse, appears to undermine this effort as our participants interpreted the “natural” message to mean that their body would be “intuitively” ready to breastfeed. Consequently, they were ill equipped to deal with challenges they experienced in initiating breastfeeding, as they had not learned about a need to prepare for it. More important, many women felt betrayed by their bodies when they were unsuccessful in breastfeeding, which significantly affected their sense of self-worth and self-efficacy.
Comparative study on the metabolism of the ergot alkaloids ergocristine, ergocryptine, ergotamine, and ergovaline in equine and human S9 fractions and equine liver preparations
Published in Xenobiotica, 2019
Wiebke Rudolph, Daniela Remane, Dirk K. Wissenbach, Frank T. Peters
The symbiosis of certain fungi and pasture grasses can be beneficiary for the plants reducing various biotic and abiotic stress factors. Part of these effects result from the production of toxic alkaloids by the colonizing fungi. One group of alkaloids relevant in this context are the ergopeptine alkaloids like ergotamine or ergovaline. The mechanism of ergovaline toxicity is not fully understood, but this alkaloid probably has vasoconstrictory effects being a partial agonist at 5-HT receptors and α-adrenoreceptors as well as an agonist at D2-receptors (Cross et al., 1995; Gooneratne et al., 2012; Strickland et al., 2011). Altogether, the symptomatology of ergovaline poisoning is very similar to ergotism, which is caused by ergotamine. However, ergotism is only rarely reported these days (Klotz et al., 2008). Ergovaline is suspected to be a causative agent for fescue toxicosis (FT), a disease of grazing animals characterized in horses by symptoms like prolonged gestation, dystocia, decreased serum prolactin with reduced milk production up to agalactia, weak and dysmature foals, generally reduced pregnancy rates, and intolerance to heat with extensive sweating. Its vasoconstrictory effects are further thought to be responsible for development of the so called fescue foot associated with swelling around fetlocks and hoof region, lameness, and gangrene of ears and tails especially in cattle (Cross et al., 1995; Strickland et al., 2009).
Female hospital workers in Morocco: factors influencing breastfeeding duration with self-reported experiences
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2020
Halima Hamada, Ali Zaki, Sanaa Chala
Physicians in our study had a median duration of any BF of 7 months which is low in comparison to other categories of HW. We could hypothesize that physicians are perfectionist in their work and prefer to assume all their responsibilities to the detriment of their breastfeeding. Female medical residents and physicians have been identified as a high-risk group for suboptimal breastfeeding in the USA (Sattari, Levine, and Serwint 2010). Women who wish to breastfeed their babies but cannot feel oppressed and exploited (Van Esterik 1994). Working conditions during BF in our study were seen as daunting in 63.8% and this is in accordance with Weber study (Weber et al. 2011). Then, in a Moroccan multicentric study (Laraqui et al. 2008), the rate of healthcare professionals who feel a heavy workload was 81.4%, and 44.5% expressed the feelings of injustice. Sattari, Serwint, et al. (2013) found that the duration of lactation among female physicians was correlated with the following work-related factors: not having to make up missed call/work that occurred as result of pregnancy or maternity leave, longer length of maternity leave, sufficiency of time at work for milk expression, and perceived level of support for breastfeeding efforts at work from colleagues, program director, or division/section chiefs. In Orth’s study (Orth, Drachman, and Habak 2013), despite high levels of support, many residents struggled with low milk supply and work demands, with three out of four residents discontinuing breastfeeding early.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Ankyloglossia
- Breast Milk
- Breast Pump
- Congenital Heart Defect
- Domperidone
- Infant Formula
- Preterm Birth
- Breastfeeding
- Latch
- Pacifier