Case report on speech treatment of a young adult with Down syndrome
Margaret Walshe, Nick Miller in Clinical Cases in Dysarthria, 2021
DS demonstrated language and cognitive deficits as well as dysarthria, in her initial evaluation. She received a 76.2 Aphasia Quotient on the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (Kertesz, 2006), and results of subtests of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neurological Status were 16/40 on list learning and naming five items in one minute on semantic fluency. DS’s speech characteristics were consistent with a diagnosis of moderate flaccid dysarthria. Her speech included imprecise consonants, irregular vowels, decreased vocal intensity, an intermittent breathy vocal quality, reduced pitch variation and mild hypernasality. Speech sound errors consisted of consonant substitutions, medial and final consonant deletions and consonant blend simplifications. DS’s speech intelligibility for single words was 62.67% at her initial evaluation. The Goldman Fristoe 2, Test of Articulation (Goldman & Fristoe, 2000) was administered to identify patterns of phoneme errors that could be targeted in treatment.
Aphasia
Alexander R. Toftness in Incredible Consequences of Brain Injury, 2023
A common set of tests used for sorting people with aphasia into groups is the Western Aphasia Battery (Kang et al., 2010). The person is generally sorted into one of the eight common aphasia categories with tests of writing, reading, speaking, and so on. Because there are so many subtypes of aphasia, each case requires careful testing of language abilities before diagnosis. And, as has been pointed out many times over the years, even if two people end up with the same diagnosis of a particular subtype of aphasia, this does not mean that those two people have the exact same symptoms (Landrigan et al., 2021).
Pleasurable emotional response to music: A case of neurodegenerative generalized auditory agnosia
Howard J. Rosen, Robert W. Levenson in Neurocase, 2020
Confrontational naming was re-evaluated using the 15-item Boston Naming Test (BNT) on which JS correctly identified 11 of 15 items by scanning the photos in the right superior quadrant of his visual field. He transcribed his correct answers with two spelling errors, in addition to the four items misidentified or not identified. The subject correctly identified each of the remaining four items with written multiple choice options. The Auditory Word Recognition subtest of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB; Kertesz, 1980) was modified with written instructions requesting that the subject ‘Point to the__.’ He made no errors in the tested categories: real objects, forms, and colors. Two sub-tests of the Curtiss-Yamada Comprehensive Language Evaluation-Receptive (CYCLE-R; Curtiss & Yamada, 1988) representing the most complex sentence structures (negative passives and object relative clauses with relativized objects) were administered in modified form, containing 5 sentences each. Modifications included providing written instructions rather than verbal instructions and identification with written word gender specification due to difficulty in interpreting the line drawings of human forms. The subject was unable to visually interpret one stimulus, but completed the remaining 9 items without difficulty or error. Syntax and grammar in spontaneous speech were not formally quantified but were perceived as within normal lim its during multiple clinical encounters. On motor speech examination, dysarthria was prominent with hypernasality and diminished articulation. In sum, language testing revealed subtle anomia, potentially referable to visual impairment impeding identification of line drawings, and dysarthria, possibly secondary to a lack of auditory feedback from speech, but no frank aphasia.
The relationship between health-related quality of life, perceived social support, and social network size in African Americans with aphasia: a cross-sectional study
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2022
Davetrina Seles Gadson, Gloriajean Wallace, Henry N. Young, Cynthia Vail, Patrick Finn
The recruitment of SWA, SSA, and NAH occurred through community referrals, medical clinics, and rehabilitation practitioners between October 2018 and February 2019. The participants were geographically located across the South Atlantic United States (Georgia, North Carolina, Maryland, District of Columbia) in suburban and urban living areas. After a referral, participants were screened for eligibility, SWA were often recruited first, followed by NAH (i.e. caregivers, family and community members) who were recruited next into the study, then SAA. The assessments were administered in the following order: The Western Aphasia Battery (WAB-R) clinician reported outcome measure was used to measure language performance. Dialectal variations in phonology, morphology, and articulation consistent with African American English were accepted in the repetition and spontaneous speech portions of the WAB-R.33 The Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale (SAQOL-39 g) and Euro Quol-5D (EQ-5D) patient reported outcome measures were administered next and measured HRQL. The Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) to measure social support and the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) to measure social network were the last PROs administered. All behavioral measures were administered in a single session, face-to-face at a time and location convenient to each participant (e.g. home, church, speech and hearing clinic).
Cue responsiveness as a measure of emerging language ability in aphasia
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2022
Megan E. Schliep, Victoria Tilton-Bolowsky, Sofia Vallila-Rohter
We were interested in examining acute aphasia severity and data on the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), a standardized assessment of language, which was available from inpatient rehabilitation admission notes. Interestingly, all individuals in the Gains group demonstrated severe language impairment on admission to rehab (mean severity = 14.5, SD = 10.6), whereas one patient in the Limited Gains group had aphasia characterized as severe, with the remaining two being in the moderate to severe range (mean severity = 38.5, SD = 20.4). When tested upon enrollment in this study (6 weeks post stroke), scores on the Comprehensive Aphasia Test (CAT) were similar for Gains and Limited Gains groups (meanGains Group = 49.4, SD = 3.9; meanLimited Gains group = 45.7, SD = 6.1), suggesting that the Gains group already showed patterns of language change in the first 6 weeks following stroke. Motor speech was not found to be a confounding variable, as the four participants identified as having at least a moderate motor speech impairment based on initial admission evaluation, were equally split between the Gains and Limited Gains group.
Stuttering and compulsive manipulation of tools after hemorrhage in the anterior corpus callosum and cingulate gyrus: a case study
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2018
Brain CT at hospital admission showed clipping in the anterior cerebral artery and left-sided, low-density area in the cingulate gyrus and genu of corpus callosum (see Figure 1). The Aphasia Quotient on the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) (Shewan & Kertesz, 1980), which was administered in August 2004, was 94/100. Although her speech lacked fluency, she showed no phonetic paraphasia or word-finding pause during spontaneous speech and naming of objects. Reading aloud and repetition were well performed. Auditory and reading comprehension were excellent. She made no error on subsets for auditory comprehension, repetition, naming, reading, or writing. Therefore, she was believed to have had no aphasia. The score on Raven's colored progressive matrices (Lezak, Howieson, & Loring, 2004) was 35/36. Her utterance disfluency started in July 2004, when she was admitted to an acute care hospital. For example, in spontaneous speech, she pronounced ‘o-o-omoimasu’ instead of ‘omoimasu (“think” in English)’, ‘iji-ijitte’ instead of ‘ijitte (“touch”)’, and ‘ichijikan-(break) mae’ instead of ‘ichijikanmae(“an hour ago”)’. Almost all disfluencies occurred at word-initial position. Hesitation and closing of the eyes were observed during disfluencies such as blocks. She and her family reported no history of developmental stuttering before the brain lesion. She reported no problem with oral diadochokinesis.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Neurological Disorder
- Stroke
- Dementia
- Aphasia
- Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination
- Block Design
- Apraxia
- Language Disorder
- Dyslexia
- Raven'S Progressive Matrices