Neuropsychological interventions following traumatic brain injury
Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda in Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Prospective memory refers to the ability to remember to carry out a certain action at a specified time in the future or in response to a specific future event.89 This is vital to maintaining successful performance in work, social, and daily living situations, but prospective memory failures tend to outnumber retrospective memory failures (inability to recall previous actions or information) in individuals with TBI.89 Consequently, considerable efforts have been made in the last decade to develop cognitive rehabilitation interventions to enhance prospective memory. Einstein and McDaniel90 identify two components to prospective memory: 1) remembering what actions are to be carried out and the cue for implementing the action and 2) recall and initiation of the action at a given time following the cue. Prospective memory has been enhanced significantly with the use of technology-based tools, such as smartphones, which can be programmed to provide portable cues and reminders that are visual and/or audible, but challenges, such as training individuals to use the technology and ensuring consistent use, remain.20,28,78–80,91,92
Clinical and Medical Management of Conditions Caused by MDMA or ‘Ecstasy’
Ornella Corazza, Andres Roman-Urrestarazu in Handbook of Novel Psychoactive Substances, 2018
Another key type of memory is prospective memory, for instance, remembering to meet someone at a prearranged time and place—in the future. This more complex aspect of memory involves cognitive and temporal planning and seems even more sensitive to the damaging effects of recreational Ecstasy/MDMA (Parrott, 2013a, 2013b). The first report of prospective memory deficits (Hefferman et al., 2001) has been confirmed using a wide variety of task paradigms (review: Parrott, 2013b). The extent of these deficits increases with greater lifetime usage (Rendell et al., 2007), and many recreational Ecstasy/MDMA users report problems with their prospective memory ability (Rodgers et al., 2003). One study employed a virtual reality task that modelled the multiple daily tasks of an office worker; the significant deficits of the Ecstasy users were attributed to problems in memory and task organization (Montgomery et al., 2010). Simple problem-solving skills are also impaired in drug-free MDMA users (review: Parrott, 2013b). Fox et al. (2001) found that performance on a problem-solving task was 250% slower in heavy users, with light and moderate users being cognitively impaired to lesser extents. With the Cambridge Neurocognitive Test Battery (CANTAB), the cognitive profiles of drug-free Ecstasy/MDMA users were found to be similar to those of clinical patients with brain damage to the temporal lobes (Fox et al., 2002). Deficits have been found in a wide range of higher cognitive tasks, and they are accompanied by significant reductions in social intelligence (Reay, Hamilton, Kennedy, & Scholey, 2006).
Prospective Memory and Medicine Taking
Lynn B. Myers, Kenny Midence in Adherence to Treatment in Medical Conditions, 2020
A recent distinction in the prospective memory literature concerns the basic character of a retrieval criterion; whether it is time-based or event-based (Einstein and McDaniel, 1990). The former would be an instruction to take medication at a particular time or during a time period while an event-based equivalent would be to do this at a meal or at a particular meal. It has been suggested that recognition of event-based criteria is less attentional demanding and supported by the external cue that the event provides for recognition (e.g. Einstein and McDaniel, 1996). It should be noted that most of the studies reviewed here employed event-based criteria. However, in their everyday lives people often recode a time-based criterion into an event-based one (choosing an event that typically occurs at that time or in that time period, cf. planning discussion above). Moreover, they often increase the effectiveness of this recoding by selecting a routine daily event (Maylor, 1990). Interestingly, this strategy may be difficult to adopt if a medication has to be taken several times a day as it might prove difficult to find evenly spaced routine events and this, as Park and Kidder (1996) have suggested, may explain the recent finding of poor adherence with a high (4 times a day) daily dosage (Kruse et al., 1991).
Memory for Weather Information in Younger and Older Adults: Tests of Verbatim and Gist Memory
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2019
Haley B. Gallo, Mary B. Hargis, Alan D. Castel
In a practical sense, memory for the gist of a forecast could be related to prospective memory and future planning. Having a general idea that it will be rainy and windy this month but not next month can help when planning an outdoor party, and remembering that one should take a new medication every morning rather than every evening can assist with healthcare compliance. This novel in-lab memory task is more applicable to real-world experiences than traditional studies that ask participants to remember a list of words or animals (Andermane & Bowers, 2015). Both gist and verbatim memory for a weather forecast have important implications for safety (e.g., I won’t swim laps outdoors on Wednesday since there is a chance of lightning), for social reasons (e.g., the snowstorm will prevent me from visiting my family), and even minor nuisances (e.g., I’ll walk the dog in the morning before it gets too hot). Also, weather is often a topic of conversation, so there could be social communication benefits to remembering upcoming weather forecasts. Rose, Rendell, McDaniel, Aberle, and Kliegel (2010) found that there are increased age differences in prospective memory for irregular tasks rather than for habitual tasks, as older adults were less likely than younger adults to remember to perform a certain task if the task was not part of their normal routine. The present study incorporates a type of stimuli that may be encountered quite often, perhaps as part of a prospective memory habit, and could be informative for other prospective memory studies that seek to incorporate planning for future events.
Effectiveness of a manualised group training intervention for memory dysfunction following stroke: a series of single case studies
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Toni D. Withiel, Renerus J. Stolwyk, Jennie L. Ponsford, Dominique A. Cadilhac, Dana Wong
However, only one participant reported a significant reduction in the frequency of prospective memory failures during the follow up period. No significant change in subjective prospective memory ratings was seen for remaining participants. Taken together, results lend support to the impact of the memory skills group intervention on everyday memory failures, but not prospective memory failures. Although previous research has not found significant improvement in prospective memory [21], it is conceptually unclear why improvement was only seen in everyday memory difficulties. Although we acknowledge a theoretical overlap between these two memory constructs, discrepancies may have resulted due to their measurement. The Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory includes more specifically targeted items, which explore narrow instances of forgetfulness (e.g., ‘not remembering to bank a cheque’). By contrast, the Everyday Memory Questionnaire-Revised has broader items relating to forgetfulness (e.g., ‘forgetting important details of what you did or what happened to you the day before’) and therefore may be more likely to capture change.
Prospective Memory Training for Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2022
Alex Pak Lik Tsang, Alma Au, Herman Hay Ming Lo
Research on human memory was focused primarily on retrospective memory until the 1990s, when a growing interest rapidly arose on another important construct – prospective memory (PM). Approximately 350 research articles have been published on prospective memory since then (Kliegel, McDaniel, & Einstein, 2008). Prospective memory refers to the ability to realize an intention at some point in the future (Einstein & McDaniel, 1990), and it can be further categorized into event-based (EBPM) prospective memory and time-based prospective memory (TBPM) (Einstein, McDaniel, Richardson, Guynn, & Cunfer, 1995). Specifically, EBPM refers to memories that are triggered by an external cue (e.g., remembering to pick up groceries when passing by a store), and TBPM refers to tasks that are triggered at or after a specific time (e.g., remembering to attend a meeting at 10:00 a.m.).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Episodic Memory
- Explicit Memory
- Retrospective Memory
- Toothpaste
- Frontal Lobe
- Planning
- Medication
- Time-Based Prospective Memory
- Intention
- Task Appropriate Processing