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Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Senses matter: Senses protect integrity, connection and coherence
Published in Johanna Lynch, A Whole Person Approach to Wellbeing, 2020
Interestingly, intuition has been described as: ‘affectively charged judgments that arise through rapid, non-conscious, and holistic associations’ (Dane and Pratt 2007, 40) – a sensing and discerning of the whole. Skilled reflective practitioners have increasingly accurate intuition, as they are able to attend to and reflect on their own sensory perceptions during decision-making. Ironically, a practitioner’s attuned senses may make their scientific observations and acumen more accurate. Reflective practice includes a capacity to manage attention and can be taught and honed (Stange, Peigorsh, and Miller 2003). Torbert describes four types of attention, which could also describe ‘knowing’ in the primary care setting: ‘intuitive knowing of purposes, intellectual knowing of strategy, embodied sensuous knowing of one’s behaviour, and an empirical knowing of the outside world’ (Reason and Bradbury 2001, 12). Maintaining the capacity to attend to or sense multiple forms of knowledge is a key skill of the generalist (Epstein 2017).
Sensation and Perception
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Perception is the process by which sensory information is actively organized and interpreted by the brain, i.e., it is the process of giving a meaning to a sensation. There is no clear boundary line that distinguishes where the process of sensation leaves off and the process of perception begin.
Non-pharmacological treatments
Published in Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson, Pocket Prescriber Psychiatry, 2019
Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson
CBT is probably the mostly widely used type of formal psychotherapy and spans 5–20 sessions. Its theoretical model emphasises how a person's interpretations of events shape their emotional and behavioural reactions. Patients learn to recognise and evaluate unhelpful thoughts and identify biases in their perceptions of themselves or the world around them. The behavioural aspect encourages a patient to test their thoughts through behavioural experiments or alter their actions, e.g. with relaxation training, graded exposure or behavioural activation.
Research on effective recognition of alarm signals in a human–machine system based on cognitive neural experiments
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Yun Teng, Yuwei Sun, Xinlin Chen, Mei Zhang
Compared with the second type, the third type of alarm signal is easier for human vision to accept as a straight-line contour rather than a curve contour. At the same time, the advantage of the third type of alarm signal is the change of graphic orientation, which makes people more sensitive to dynamic information. In the design and use of machinery and equipment, we need to fully consider human reliability. When the brain wakes up in different states, human reliability is also different. Due to various restrictions on information processing, errors may occur anytime and anywhere. Guastello [58] found that most human errors are not caused by irresponsibility, and poor system design is the main reason [59]. Sensation involves the physical characteristics of external stimuli, and perception involves the cognitive characteristics of human beings. Cognitive load can be divided into internal, external and effective cognitive load. Internal cognitive load is the load of interaction between information elements; external cognitive load is the additional load beyond internal cognitive load; and effective cognitive load is the load related to the process of promoting graphic construction and graphic automation [60]. If the external cognitive load is minimized and the effective cognitive load is increased, so that the total cognitive load of the task does not exceed the individual cognitive load, the work efficiency will be improved. In the complex human–computer system, cognitive load is high, even overloaded. Therefore, signal design needs to distinguish different information sources as far as possible to ensure clear boundaries.
Quantitative metrics and psychometric scales in the visual art and medical education literature: a narrative review
Published in Medical Education Online, 2022
The Best Intentions Questionnaire (BIQ) was designed in 2010 for healthcare trainees by Anne Gill, a Doctor of Nursing in the Department of Pediatrics at Baylor[39]. The 24-item questionnaire is scored on several Likert Scales and assesses an individual’s understanding of their own biases. The first set of statements explores a participant’s perception of how their biases may impact clinical decision making with statements such as ‘physicians can have biases about patients about which they are unaware.’[39] The second half of the questionnaire probes if individuals believe they can learn to become aware of, manage, and eliminate their own biases. Lastly, participants are asked about their ability to recognize their own emotional state in addition to the emotional state of others. One visual arts and medical education study has used the BIQ metric[27].
The influence of candidates’ physical attributes on patient ratings in simulated assessments of clinical practice
Published in Medical Teacher, 2022
C. A. Brown, K. Badger, M. D. Reid, R. Westacott, M. Gurnell, M. W. R. Reed, G. Chamberlain, E. Hatfield, A. Sharif, A. H. Sam
As with examiner scoring, an individual patient’s assessment of an exam candidate may theoretically be affected by several sources of rater errors and be subject to stereotype biasing. Interestingly, previous research has yielded mixed findings, with some studies suggesting physical attributes such as ethnicity can impact attainment in clinical exams whilst others have not shown differences (Schleicher et al. 2017; Yeates et al. 2017; Sam et al. 2021b). However, within society it is evident that stereotype biases do exist and these have been shown to impact patient perceptions within healthcare. For example, extravagant hair colour (Yonekura et al. 2013) or tattoos (Baumann et al. 2016; Broussard and Harton 2018) have been shown to negatively impact patient perspectives in a healthcare setting. In addition, people with a Liverpool English accent have been perceived as less trustworthy than those with a Standard Southern British English (SSBE) accent (Torre et al. 2018). Importantly, previous research in this area has largely focussed on patient scoring during in-person assessment, when there is the possibility of an audience effect whereby those present may facilitate or inhibit performance (Chen et al. 2019). Here, we use a video-based design to mitigate this source of bias.