A history of Parkinson’s disease
Andrew Lees in Parkinson's Disease in the Older Patient, 2018
Symptoms suggestive of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been described for many centuries, having been found in Egyptian papyrus and Sanskrit texts and other documents in ancient times. It is difficult to understand this contribution by James Parkinson and the subsequent evolution of his ideas without awareness of the concepts of neurological disorder used at the time. James Parkinson was a man of eclectic interests. Unfortunately, over the next 45 years, Parkinson's treatise on the shaking palsy received little attention in England. It was not until the 1860s that Parkinson's treatise really came to light, when the French neurologists Trousseau and then Charcot and Vulpian, working at the Salpetriere in Paris, further elucidated the clinical features of the condition. The cause of Parkinson's disease was unclear, but another student of Charcot's, Edouard Brissaud, favoured the 'locus niger' as a site for the condition, based on cases in the literature and other pathological findings.
A New Approach for Parkinson's Disease Imaging Diagnosis Using Digitized Spiral Drawing
Ashish Mishra in Soft Computing Applications and Techniques in Healthcare, 2020
This chapter confirms that digitized spiral drawings have a major impact on the classification of Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls and hence can support future diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease based on data files as well as digital drawings. Motor rating scale and its subscale Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale is the popularly used and reliable measuring scale in Parkinson's disease. The scientific method of spiral drawing comprises three types: Stability Test on a Certain Point, spiral test static and dynamic test. Time consumed to complete drawing can be calculated using individual stroke timestamp recorded in the test file with respect to each spiral drawing. The number of strokes is calculated by counting the number of times on-surface pressure is changing during the whole spiral drawing. Spiral drawing dataset consists of spiral and wave drawings of Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls drawn using digitized tablet.
Physical Activity, Cognition, and Brain Health
James M. Rippe in Increasing Physical Activity, 2020
This chapter explores a variety of domains that are considered part of brain health particularly as they are related to the important role of physical activity in preserving brain health. The positive effects of physical activity on cognition have been observed in studies involving multiple stages of the lifespan and are particularly present in young children and older adults. According to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee 2018 Scientific Report 2018 Scientific Report, moderate evidence exists associating greater amounts of physical activity with improvements in cognition. Moderate evidence exists to indicate that increased PA improves cognitive function in individuals with other diseases or disorders impairing cognitive function including ADHD, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Physical activity plays an important role in enhancing affect and decreasing anxiety and tension. In adults, physical activity has been shown to improve various sleep outcomes across young, middle aged, and older men and women.
Contextual Interference Can Facilitate Motor Learning in Older Adults and in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2016
Ben Sidaway, Bradley Ala, Katherine Baughman, Joshua Glidden, Stephanie Cowie, Ashley Peabody, Darren Roundy, Jennie Spaulding, Rebecca Stephens, David L. Wright
In healthy young adults motor learning is typically improved by practice under conditions of high contextual interference such as that created when a series of skills are practiced in a random sequence. The authors examined whether individuals with Parkinson's disease and age-matched older adults might also benefit from such a learning environment. Participants learned 3 peg placement movements under both random practice and blocked practice schedules. Participants completed free-recall, cued-recall, and transfer tests 1 day and 1 week following practice. During acquisition all learners had shorter movement times (MTs) during blocked than random practice but during retention testing, MTs were shorter if the patterns had been learned with random practice. Fewer errors during free recall following random practice were evident in both groups of learners and MTs to complete a novel transfer task were shorter following random practice. These findings suggest employing a cognitively challenging practice environment might improve motor skill learning in elderly learners and in people with Parkinson's disease.
Meanings of feeling well among women with Parkinson's disease
Published in International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 2015
We conducted a qualitative inquiry to describe the meanings of feeling well as experienced by women with Parkinson's disease. Nine women were interviewed and we analysed the interviews using a reflective lifeworld approach based on phenomenological epistemology. We present the analysis as five constituents: the body as unnoticed; being able to move on; feeling joy by being connected; finding peace and harmony; and being the director of one's own life. Our findings can be used to understand and promote well-being among women with Parkinson's disease. In care meetings, knowledge about the lived and experienced health processes supports the women's striving to not let illness dominate their experience of daily life.
Training conversation partners of persons with communication disorders related to Parkinson's disease—a protocol and a pilot study
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2013
Emma Forsgren, Malin Antonsson, Charlotta Saldert
This paper reports on the adaptation of a training programme for conversation partners of persons with Parkinson's disease, and a protocol for assessment of possible changes in conversational interaction as a result of intervention. We present data from an explorative multiple case study with three individuals with Parkinson's disease and their spouses. Repeated analysis of natural conversational interaction and measures of the participants’ perception of communication as well as measures of different cognitive abilities were obtained. The results show that the communication in all three dyads was affected by both speech and language problems and that the conversation training model and the assessment protocol may work well after minor adjustments. Influence of different aspects of cognition on communication is discussed.
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