Prerecorded telemedicine
Richard Wootton, John Craig, Victor Patterson in Introduction to Telemedicine, 2017
Clinical neurophysiology is a specialty related to physiological studies of the central and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is investigated with tests such as the EEG and visual evoked potentials, while the peripheral nervous system is investigated with electromyography and nerve conduction studies. The data generated by these tests are increasingly in digital form. Several regional networks in clinical neurophysiology have been established. In Uppsala, Sweden, the central laboratory serves nine satellite sites, with data being transmitted via modem to the main laboratory, Internet communication being used for some of the files. Connections with more distant laboratories are also in place for second opinions and for collaboration for collection of reference values.6
Introduction
John W. Scadding, Nicholas A. Losseff in Clinical Neurology, 2011
Chapters 2 and 3 are devoted to neurological symptoms and examination. It is worth making the point that despite the enormous advances in diagnostic technology in recent years, clinical skills remain the starting point and cornerstone of all neurological diagnosis. Chapters 4 and 5 outline the principles of neurological imaging and clinical neurophysiology. These core investigative arms of neurology are followed by consideration of neurogenetics, which has an increasingly wide relevance to the understanding and management of neurological disease. The remaining chapters of the book are devoted mainly to a systematic description of the many neurological disorders. Although this textbook deals principally with the clinical neurology of adults, there is a chapter on some of the neurological disorders of childhood. The later chapters in the book cover the generic topics of neurorehabilitation, respiratory problems seen in neurological disease, and the special characteristics and management of pain seen in many neurological conditions. An understanding of neuropsychiatry is essential to the competent practice of clinical neurology, and the psychiatric syndromes commonly seen in patients with neurological symptoms are succinctly but comprehensively described in the final chapter.
Advances in Brain-Machine Interfaces
Alexa Riehle, Eilon Vaadia in Motor Cortex in Voluntary Movements, 2004
In conclusion, recent advances in BMIs allow us to feel optimistic about the dream of restoring basic motor functions in patients with neuromuscular disorders. One of the key elements is the contention that many of the BMI principles derived from work with nonhuman primates are highly relevant to the human intraoperative setting, as we have shown.13 Nevertheless, further advances need to be made in both the engineering and neurophysiology domains. In particular, one of the components that needs dramatic development is the artificial actuators field. Current off-the-shelf actuators are not designed for neuroprosthetic applications and lack a way of delivering broadband sensory feedback information to the subject's brain. A new generation of neuroprosthetic devices providing muscle-like actuation properties would be very beneficial for the advancement of the BMI field.
Drug dependence as a split object: Trajectories of neuroscientification and behavioralization at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2023
In the book, Feuerlein wrote in a positive tone about the fact that the WHO renamed drug addiction as dependence and, in particular, its “dual nature” in terms of both the physical and psychological forms of dependence. Among the psychological factors, he cited a wide range of both psychodynamic and learning-theory models, as well as neurophysiological aspects. In terms of neurophysiology, he referred to experiments in brain stimulation in laboratory animals using implanted electrodes. Under certain conditions, the animals would even apply electrical stimuli to the brain themselves by pressing a lever to “attain a high level of pleasure,” corroborating the neurophysiological model of substance dependence (Feuerlein 1974, 6). Thus, he referred to a growing approach in addiction research based on animal experimentation, which had begun in 1940 with the publications of Sidney Spragg (1909–1995) at Yale University on drug addiction in dogs and monkeys (Ahmed 2019). Spragg’s conclusion that people as well as animals could become addicted further strengthened the biological causal model of drug dependence. It, in turn, encouraged and advanced brain research in this area and led to the intracranial stimulation experiments in rats by James Olds (1922–1976) and Peter Milner (1919–2018) at McGill University. In their study, Olds and Milner used the behaviorist term “positive reinforcement” and operant conditioning; they also conceived of addiction as a neuronal stimulation of the pleasure center or reward circuit (Olds and Milner 1954).
Dose–response effect of L-theanine on psychomotor speed, sustained attention, and inhibitory control: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Tharaka L. Dassanayake, Devasmitha Wijesundara, Chanaka N. Kahathuduwa, Vajira S. Weerasinghe
The experiments were conducted in the neurophysiology and cognition laboratory of the authors’ institution. The testing was done between 8 and 11 am. We ensured that the participants refrained from alcohol for at least 48 h before the test; did not drink tea, coffee, or other caffeinated beverages on the day of testing; slept at least 6 h the night before. We also instructed and ensured that the participants had a light breakfast (e.g. four slices of bread, or equivalent quantities of other common breakfast items) at least 1.5 h before commencing the pre-dose test session. We also ensured that they did not take high-fat food items (that delay gastric emptying) with their breakfast. The testing protocol for each day is summarized in Figure 2. Upon arrival at the laboratory on each day of testing, the participants were interviewed for adherence to the preparation guidelines and were allowed to relax in the laboratory for 10 min. Then, the participants performed the pre-dose attention tests which took about 35 min. At the end of pre-dose testing, they drank the respective treatment prepared for the given session and remained seated for 50 min watching a non-stimulating wildlife program. After that, the participants underwent the post-dose testing, which was similar to the pre-dose test. The interval between successive testing days ranged from 2 to 5 days.
The impact of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners on the central nervous system: preliminary study
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
M. Sagrario López-Meza, Gloria Otero-Ojeda, José Antonio Estrada, Francisco José Esquivel-Hernández, Irazú Contreras
The present study was approved by the ethics in research committee of the authors’ institution, registration number 005/2016. The study was performed following the principles established in the Helsinki Declaration for the protection of human subjects involved in medical research. The nature of the study, its aims, procedures, possible benefits, discomforts, and risks to the subject were explained verbally to each participant. Personal data gathered in the study would remain confidential and participants could abandon the study at any moment. Study results were made available to participants free of charge. This information was included in written consent forms signed by agreeing participants, the examiner and an independent witness, after clarification of any doubts. The study was performed at the Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology laboratories of the authors’ institutions. It lasted a total of seven weeks, which included a 1-week washout period and six weeks of sweetener supplementation. Neuropsychological and qEEG evaluations were performed before the start and after completion of the supplementation regime, under controlled conditions. The timeline presented in Figure 1, shows the chronology of events during the seven-week study period.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Electrophysiology
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Local Field Potential
- Nervous System
- Patch Clamp
- Physiology
- Voltage Clamp
- Neuroscience
- Single-Unit Recording
- Head