Ayurveda and COVID-19
Srijan Goswami, Chiranjeeb Dey in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, 2022
Dr Paul Maclean, in his Theory of the Triune Brain, describes the three stages of evolution of the brain, namely, reptilian, mammalian, and neocortex. The reptilian and mammalian brains are designed to take care of the physical and physiological needs. The neocortex is responsible for creativity, innovation, love, compassion, altruism, and all the human qualities that give meaning to human life. Indian and Chinese philosophies have studied the human mind in-depth. There is a lot that one can learn from these ancient cultures. Recent research in genetics and endocrinology has unearthed the brilliant design of nature that helps the individual to discover himself and give meaning to life. The main motivators of human life are pleasure, happiness, and joy. Understanding these will provide the key to happy living. This will help us shift our focus from mental illness to mental wellness, and, further, to the joy of living.
Introduction: Epilepsy
Candace M. Kent, David M. Chan in Analysis of a Model for Epilepsy, 2022
The term semiology refers to the clinical manifestations, in terms of signs (objective features) and symptoms (subjective features), that are peculiar to seizures originating from a particular region of the brain. The terms anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial refer to the front, back, side, and middle, respectively, of the brain. The human brain is divided into two halves, the left cerebral hemisphere and the right cerebral hemisphere. Each hemisphere is, in turn, divided into four lobes: the frontal lobe, located anteriorly; the occipital lobe, located posteriorly; the parietal lobe, located between the frontal and occipital lobes; and the temporal lobe, located medially and laterally. The cortical tissue or cortex of the brain is the “gray matter” covering both cerebral hemispheres, and is gray because it contains the cell bodies of neurons. The neocortex makes up most of the cortex and consists of six layers of different types of neurons [42].
The Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease
Zaven S. Khachaturian, Teresa S. Radebaugh in Alzheimer’s Disease, 2019
Most neuropathologists looking at a section of neocortex laden with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in a patient with dementia would agree on the diagnosis of AD. Neuropathological criteria for diagnosis, however, are not uniformly applied; technical and interpretive differences have militated against a standardized approach and pooling of data among centers. In a consensus report, neuropathologists convened by the National Institute on Aging in 1985, recommended minimal age-dependent senile plaque counts. These criteria, while applicable for the majority of cases of AD, did not allow for characterization of borderline cases, e.g., those with insufficient plaque frequency to merit a diagnosis, or those with many plaques but without a history of dementia. Nor were differences in technique that might affect plaque counts considered in establishing specific quantitative criteria.
Power-From-Within: Somatic Art Therapy With an LGBTQIA+ Teenager
Published in Art Therapy, 2023
Rivkah (Rebecca) Hetherington
In support of these ideas, art therapy offers two diametrical approaches: top-down and bottom-up (Lusebrink & Hinz, 2016). In somatic terms, these approaches overlap with power-over and power-from-within. Top-down refers to a process that begins cognitively/symbolically so that there is conscious control of the process through cortical modulation, in primis the executive functioning of the frontal lobe. Typically, there will be a pre-defined objective. In its purest form, the process is linear and the result may be judged according to how closely the finished product fulfills the original criteria. Bottom-up refers to a process that begins kinesthetically and sensorially. There is no pre-determined objective, hence no right or wrong. The individual follows their impulses and the neo-cortex relaxes its control over the limbic system and brainstem. It is a path of discovery that neither art therapist nor user can predict and hence it is important that the art therapist has processed their own areas of helplessness in the unknown. Luna reflects,
Stereotaxic-assisted gene therapy in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases: therapeutic potentials and clinical frontiers
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2022
Samar O. El Ganainy, Tony Cijsouw, Mennatallah A. Ali, Susanne Schoch, Amira Sayed Hanafy
With respect to pathological focality in the brain, sporadic AD is characterized by the pathological lesions being confined to the hippocampus with partial sparing of the neocortex. Conversely, in familial AD, those lesions are more common in the neocortex while the hippocampus is relatively spared [61]. According to the regional deposition of Aβ plaques, AD is classified as; stage A, where plaques are deposited in the basal, frontal and temporal lobe, stage B, where the plaques extend to the neocortex and hippocampus and stage C, where the plaques spread further outwards and finally reach the cerebellum, the subcortical nuclei, and the primary cortices [62]. Thal et al. published an alternative staging system, in which stages 1–3 describe the regional distribution of Aβ plaques in the temporal lobe, while the brainstem and the cerebellum are involved in stage 4 and 5, respectively [63]. Furthermore, tau intraneuronal accumulation is strongly correlated to the duration and severity of dementia [47]. A tau deposition grading system of six stages was previously suggested and describes the initial involvement of the medial temporal cortex, followed by the neocortex. The primary sensory, motor, and visual cortex are relatively spared [62].
The future orientation of constructive memory: An evolutionary perspective on therapeutic hypnosis and brief psychotherapy
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2021
Ernest Rossi, Roxanna Erickson-Klein, Kathryn Rossi
For 200 years, hypnosis has explored memory in studies that have traditionally focused on its role in preserving and recovering the past. Neuroscientists, by contrast, are now documenting how some brain systems of memory and learning are better oriented to exploring future life possibilities rather than maintaining accurate records of the past (Daudi & Carruthers; 2005; Miller, 2007). Schacter and Addis (2007), for example, emphasize that memories are not exact replicas of the past, and further, such exact records of the past would not be the best strategy for adaptive behavior in the future. They provide evidence for a new constructive theory of how past memories can be reorganized into new scenarios for current and future adaptive behavior. This reconstructive approach is the basis of the recent “memory-prediction framework” in the operation of the six layed human neocortex that accounts for the evolution of intelligence, creativity, and intelligent machines (Hawkins & Blakeslee, 2004).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Allocortex
- Axon
- Cerebral Cortex
- Motor Cortex
- Myelin
- Brain
- White Matter
- Sense
- Proisocortex
- Brain
- Grey Matter