Logistic Regression
Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie in Principles of Biostatistics, 2022
Suppose we are interested in identifying factors that influence the probability that a low birth weight infant will experience a germinal matrix hemorrhage, a particular type of hemorrhage in the brain. Germinal matrix hemorrhage is a dichotomous random variable that takes the value 1 if this outcome occurs and 0 if it does not. We use the sample of 100 low birth weight infants born in Boston, Massachusetts, to estimate the probability of a hemorrhage [81]. In the group as a whole, 15 infants experienced the outcome, so .
Logistic Regression
Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau in Principles of Biostatistics, 2018
Suppose that we are interested in identifying factors that influence the probability that a low birth weight infant will experience a germinal matrix hemorrhage—a hemorrhage in the brain. Germinal matrix hemorrhage is a dichotomous random variable that takes the value 1 if this event occurs and 0 if it does not. We use the sample of 100 low birth weight infants born in Boston, Massachusetts, to estimate the probability of a hemorrhage [3].
Fetal and birth trauma
Prem Puri in Newborn Surgery, 2017
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the most common form of birth-related traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in the newborn.19 Blood in the subarachnoid space can be documented by lumbar puncture and the diagnosis confirmed by computerized tomography (CT) scan. In the vast majority of cases, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is benign and does not require any treatment. Occasionally, it may result in a communicating hydrocephalus. Subdural hemorrhage is caused by rupture of the cerebral veins bridging the subdural space, occurring as a result of excessive molding of the baby’s head during labor or delivery. Most subdural hematomas are infratentorial and bilateral, but occasionally, they have been described in the posterior fossa. Principal factors that predispose to the occurrence of subdural hematoma include large-size infants,19 breech delivery,27 and forceps extraction in primiparous women.28 Clinical features of neonatal subdural hemorrhage may include pallor, vomiting, irritability, seizures, unequal pupils, drowsiness, hypotonia, high-pitched cry, tense fontanelle, and retinal hemorrhages. The diagnosis is confirmed by a subdural tap, CT scan (Figure 7.5), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).29 Although US is a standard practice for detecting germinal matrix hemorrhage in the preterm neonate,30 it is unlikely to be as accurate as a CT scan in diagnosing peripheral lesions in subarachnoid or subdural space.31 MRI imaging in general has high sensitivity for intracranial hemorrhage and, with its lack of ionizing radiation, is a favorable technique for the further evaluation of birth trauma over CT, especially for a neonate.32,33 The treatment consists of repeated tapping of the subdural space using a 20-gauge needle at the lateral margin of the anterior fontanelle. In most cases, subdural collections can be treated successfully with repeated taps. Rarely, membrane stripping or subdural space shunting may be required to deal with persistent subdural collections.
Alterations in motor functional connectivity in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Li Jiang, Dina El-Metwally, Chandler Sours Rhodes, Jiachen Zhuo, Ranyah Almardawi, Alexandre E Medina, Li Wang, Rao P. Gullapalli, Prashant Raghavan
Four out of 16 neonates in the HIE group and 0/11 neonates in the control group demonstrated abnormalities on conventional MRI. A summary of structural abnormalities is shown in Table 2. Of the four neonates with abnormal MRI scans, 3 neonates demonstrated signal abnormalities in the posterior limbs of the internal capsules. Abnormalities of the basal ganglia and thalami were present in three. Abnormalities of the cerebral cortex were present in two. No significant white matter abnormalities were noted. One neonate demonstrated a small area of grade 1 germinal matrix hemorrhage bilaterally. No structural abnormalities were present on conventional MR images of the control group.
Intraperitoneal cannabidiol attenuates neonatal germinal matrix hemorrhage-induced neuroinflamation and perilesional apoptosis
Published in Neurological Research, 2019
Timóteo Abrantes De Lacerda Almeida, Marcelo Volpon Santos, Luiza Da Silva Lopes, Gunjan Goel, Renato Leonardo De Freitas, Priscila De Medeiros, José Alexandre Crippa, Hélio Rubens Machado
The incidence of germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is approximately 3.5 per 1,000 live births and has remained stable in the past 20 years, after a reduction of approximately 50% in the 1980’s[1]. GMH occurs in approximately 45% of preterm infants weighing between 500 and 700 g [2]. It is well known that the pathogenesis of germinal matrix hemorrhage is intrinsically related to prematurity. The pathogenesis of GMH lies in the immaturity of vessels of the subependymal region at the head of the caudate nucleus, as well as disorders of local blood flow, and changes in the coagulation cascade and platelet activity [3].
A Case of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type II With Additional Balanced Translocation t(1;20)(p13;p11.2)
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2019
Nasma K. Majeed, Diana Oramas, Valerie Lindgren, Steven Garzon, Dr. Elizabeth Wiley, Christopher Enakpene, Rajyasree Emmadi
The brain weighed 150 g (Reference: 112 ± 37 g) in the fresh state with an immature gyral pattern and a poorly demarcated gray-white matter junction consistent with fetal age. The hemispheres and white matter structures were symmetrical with bilateral foci of Grade 1 subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage. Microscopy showed immature brain tissue with focal meningeal glioneuronal heterotopias but no perivenous calcifications (Fig. 2).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Caudate Nucleus
- Ependyma
- Germinal Matrix
- Lateral Ventricles
- Perinatal Asphyxia
- Preterm Birth
- Gestation
- Ganglionic Eminence