Stroke and the Indo-Asians
Partha Ghosh, Shahid Anis Khan in Transcultural Geriatrics, 2018
Stroke occurs when there is a disturbance of blood supply to the brain. There are two main types of stroke (Table 8.2). Ischaemic stroke: this is the main cause of stroke and occurs in 80% of cases. This could be due to in situ thrombosis of lacunar or a major intracerebral blood vessel. The other cause could be a shower of embolic debri coming from the major blood vessels (carotid or vertebro-basilar arteries) or from the left chambers of the heart.Haemorrhagic stroke: this is due to rupture of a blood vessel and is seen in 20% of cases, of which primary intracerebral haemorrhage constitutes 15% and subarachnoid haemorrhage 5%.
Cerebrovascular Diseases
Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson in Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
Signs and symptoms of stroke include: a sudden onset of numbness in the face or extremities, particularly on one side of the body; sudden confusion; difficulty in speaking and/or understanding speech; altered gait pattern; reduced vision in one or both eyes; and/or sudden onset of severe headache with no known origin. The formal diagnosis of stroke is made through a medical examination including: neurologic testing and blood pressure assessment; laboratory assessments to analyze the clotting cascade; a CT of the head and/or MRI of the brain; and in some cases, a cerebral angiogram to assess the blood flow of the brain and neck. Differential diagnosis of stroke includes seizures, hypoglycemia, migraine headaches, systemic infection, encephalitis, toxic metabolic syndromes, dementia, and other neurological disorders.4 Carotid ultrasound and echocardiogram are confirmatory tests also used to reveal underlying causes for stroke, such as blockages elsewhere, causing blood clots to travel into the bloodstream.
Cardiovascular disease
Sally Robinson in Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Cerebrovascular disease refers to several conditions that affect the blood vessels in the brain. A cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or a stroke, means that the blood supply to part of the brain has been interrupted. Most strokes are ischaemic, meaning they are caused because of a blood clot, often due to atherosclerosis. Some are the result of a haemorrhage, meaning a blood vessel burst. The symptoms of a stroke include the face may drop on one side, the individual may be unable to smilean inability to lift both arms and keep them thereslurred or garbled speech(NHS, 2019a)
Procedural embolic protection strategies for carotid artery stenting: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Eligio Miccichè, Francesco Condello, Davide Cao, Alessia Azzano, Anna Maria Ioppolo, Andrea Mangiameli, Alberto Cremonesi
Recently, Foo et al. described a novel method of neuroprotection during CAS, which employs aspects of both proximal and distal embolic protection principles: the CaRotid Artery Filtering Technique (CRAFT) [75]. During CRAFT, an 8 Fr FlowGate balloon guide catheter (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA, U.S.A.) is advanced proximal to the lesion and then inflated causing an antegrade flow arrest. The Casper stent is flushed with a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor prior to loading it on the guidewire in order to reduce the risk of stent occlusion. The stent is then deployed only in its distal third so that, due to its micromesh design, it acts as a filter when the FlowGate balloon is subsequently deflated to restore antegrade flow and to allow the complete deployment of the stent. Among 89 symptomatic patients treated with this novel technique, 6 (6.4%) experienced acute stent occlusion, 1 of which was fatal. Five patients (5.3%) experienced embolic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory. Six (6.4%) developed intracranial hemorrhage after the procedure. Notwithstanding the relatively high rate of complications, 91.5% of the procedures were performed in an emergency setting, and all patients had symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. The higher risk of stent occlusion with dual-layer stents as compared to first-generation stents in acute setting has been previously described [76]. Studies investigating the role of this hybrid technique in asymptomatic patients are warranted.
Dynamic changes in miR-124 levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2019
Mei Sun, Xiaoxia Hou, Guang Ren, Yangyang Zhang, Hong Cheng
In total, 54 patients (77.8% male, average age 68.6 years) with ACI, admitted to Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2015 and December 2015, were consecutively recruited. The diagnosis of ACI was made strictly on the basis of clinical symptoms and evidence of infarction. General stroke symptoms include numbness or weakness on one side of the body, loss of speech, poor balance, and trouble with speaking or speech loss. All patients suggestive of ACI were confirmed with MRI and other relevant tests. According to the TOAST classification system, 33 (61.1%), 12 (22.2%), and 9 (16.7%) ACI patients suffered from large artery atherosclerosis, cardiogenic embolism, and small artery occlusion, respectively [10]. All patients received standardized treatment (including anticoagulation or antiplatelet drugs) immediately. Patients who suffered from a concomitant malignant tumor, severe liver or kidney dysfunction, or an intracranial hemorrhage and patients with acute infarction for more than 24 h were excluded from this study.
Can Video Self-Modeling Improve Affected Limb Reach and Grasp Ability in Stroke Patients?
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2018
Kylie Ann Steel, Kurt Mudie, Remi Sandoval, David Anderson, Sera Dogramaci, Mohammad Rehmanjan, Ingvars Birznieks
Stroke is currently the third-largest cause of disability, and second-largest cause of morbidity worldwide (Jauch et al., 2013). In the United States alone it is the fifth-biggest cause of death and also results in over 7 million stroke survivors with some form of residual impairment (National Stroke Association, 2016). While in Australia, where the present study was conducted, there are over 420,000 stroke survivors (Stroke Foundation, n.d.). According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012), over one third of stroke patients suffer at least one form of long-lasting disability. Symptoms of stroke are numerous and include difficulty with speech; numbness, unilateral hemiparesis, weakness or paralysis in limbs, and apraxia; or disturbance of learned motor functions (Askim et al., 2013).
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