Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry
Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay in Essentials of Psychiatric Assessment, 2018
Aprosodic speech is monotonic and without inflections. It typically follows minor right cortical hemisphere lesions, in an area that corresponds to Broca’s area in the left hemisphere of the brain, which may lose their ability to encode emotion into speech. Right temporoparietal lesions are associated with comprehension dysprosody. To evaluate this function, the examiner speaks the same words but with different intonations, which the patient is asked to identify (i.e., happy, sad, surprised, angry, and questioning tones). Any stock phrase can be used, such as “Richard and Linda Thompson performed well.” Quite different meanings can be conveyed by emphasizing a given word in the sentence in a particular way. Patients with dysprosody cannot distinguish such differences in meaning. Patients with motor dysprosody cannot convey different meanings when asked to articulate the same sentence in the manner described.
Discussions (D)
Terence R. Anthoney in Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
J. P. Mohr (in Rowl), on the other hand, clearly distinguishes between “speech dyspraxia” and dysarthria due to a cortical lesion, both in terms of the actual findings and in terms of the parts of the cortex involved. In his description of the “Motor Aphasias,” he states that “The speech that emerges within minutes or days of the onset of motor aphasia consists mostly of crude vowels (dysphonia) and poorly articulated consonants (dysarthria). Disturbed coordination (dyspraxia) of speaking and breathing alter the rhythm of speech (dysprosody). This faulty intonation, stress, and phrasing of words and sentences [i.e., the combination of dyspraxia and dysprosody] is known collectively as speech dyspraxia.'’ (p. 7);
Vocal Motor Disorders *
Rolland S. Parker in Concussive Brain Trauma, 2016
Clinical understanding of communications is hampered by the use of the term dysprosodia for manifestly different functions. It is used for (1) the comprehension of others’ emotional communications; (2) the modulation of communication functions such as timing and linguistic stress to communicate meaning; and (3) the modulation of the motor elements of vocalization, including pitch control by the vocal cords, breathing, articulation, shape of the resonance chambers of the mouth and throat, and so forth. The writer defines prosody and dysprosody exclusively as a motor vocalization function, in which after trauma (neurological or somatic) or neurological or medical disease there is a change of audible emotional expression. Aprosodia is a variant in which the quality of vocalization is flat. Hyperprosody is an exaggerated prosody observed in a manic state or in individuals with aphasia who can access very few words but use exaggerated prosody to convey their feelings as much as possible (Wymer et al., 2002).
Receptive and expressive lexical stress in adolescents with autism
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2022
Colleen E. Gargan, Mary V. Andrianopoulos
Assessment of prosody is an important component of the evaluation process for individuals with ASD who have speech sound disorders, cognitive-linguistic or social pragmatic communication disorders. It is critical to differentiate between two primary types of prosodic disorders (e.g. prosodic disability vs. dysprosody (Velleman, 2016, p. 268)). Speakers with ASD, apraxia of speech and cognitive-linguistic disabilities may exhibit a prosodic disability (Velleman, 2016). A prosodic disability is characterised by inappropriate production or misuse of pitch, stress and duration to convey linguistic and paralinguistic features. Speakers with a prosodic disability can produce pitch, loudness and duration, but not in a manner consistent with their native language. In contrast, disorders of dysprosody are characteristic of problems with neuromuscular execution (e.g. dysarthria) due to differences in muscle tone. Individuals with dysprosody cannot produce appropriate stress and other prosodic features in any context (Velleman, 2016). Treatment should begin early for those individuals with ASD for whom targeting prosody (e.g. form, function, intonation) is a priority. The beneficial effects of therapy can positively impact receptive and expressive prosodic abilities, speech intelligibility, social skills and more natural sounding speech (Peppé et al., 2007; Velleman, 2016).
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation and foreign accent syndrome: a case report
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2022
Victor Santos Nascimento, Daniela de Souza Coelho, José Ernesto Chang Mulato, José Maria Campos Filho, Hugo Leonardo Doria-Netto, Ana Paula Vieira Neves Ferreira, Feres Chaddad-Neto
The language alterations found in this report are compatible with what Whitaker described as FAS in 1982. According to his research, when brain lesions occur, four criteria are necessary for diagnosis: (1) the accent is considered by the patient, acquaintances, and the clinician as odd, (2) it is different from the patient’s native dialect, (3) it is clearly related to lesions in the central nervous system (CNS), (4) there is no evidence in the patient’s history of being a speaker of a foreign language related to the disorder.6 Accordingly, the patient in this study presented an accent different from her usual one, which was perceived as odd by her social circle. This change in prosody was classified as dysprosody, with altered pronunciation and intonation of the consonant ‘r,’ without the presence of dysarthria. The accent disappeared after cAVM removal, evidencing the relationship between FAS and CNS alterations and fulfilling all the cited criteria.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Cerebrovascular Disease
- Developmental Coordination Disorder
- Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia
- Dysarthria
- Prosody
- Neurology
- Speech Disorder
- Speech–Language Pathology
- Seizure
- Flaccid Dysarthria