The patient with acute neurological problems
Peate Ian, Dutton Helen in Acute Nursing Care, 2020
The nervous system is a highly integrated system that ensures an appropriate response to changes in the internal or external environment. Diseases of the nervous system may be acute or chronic. Nurses must understand the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system in order to understand neurological disease processes and to anticipate the clinical implications of neurological dysfunction. Competence in neurological assessment is a key clinical skill for nurses faced with a medical emergency in any clinical setting, and is an essential skill within a neuroscience setting. Neurological emergencies have the potential to be life-threatening if normal control of airway, breathing or circulation is lost. Ability to assess patients using an ABCDE approach is essential for the management of neurological emergencies.
The patient with acute neurological problems
Ian Peate, Helen Dutton in Acute Nursing Care, 2014
The nervous system is a highly integrated system that ensures an appropriate response to changes in the internal or external environment. Diseases of the nervous system may be acute or chronic. Nurses must understand the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system in order to understand neurological disease processes and to anticipate the clinical implications of neurological dys-function. Competence in neurological assessment is a key clinical skill for nurses faced with a medical emergency in any clinical setting and is an essential skill within a neuro-science setting. Neurological emergencies have the potential to be life threatening if normal control of airway, breathing or circulation is lost. Ability to assess patients using an ABCDE approach is essential for the management of neurological emergencies.
Clinical Problem Solving
Walter J. Hendelman, Peter Humphreys, Christopher R. Skinner in The Integrated Nervous System, 2017
Genetic diseases affecting the nervous system often overlap with most other disease types in terms of timeline. With the increasing knowledge derived from genetic studies, the distinctions between the categories of degenerative and genetic disorders are becoming increasingly blurred. One can consider many degenerative disorders as late-onset genetic disorders with possible environmental triggers. Alternatively, genetic disorders could be considered as the cause of most degenerative disorders but with varying clinical expressions and longer time courses. For instance, Tay–Sachs disease has always been considered a genetic disorder of sphingolipid metabolism, but it could be considered as a genetic neurogenerative disorder of early onset.
Circulating inflammatory markers, cell-free mitochondrial DNA, cortisol, endocannabinoids, and N-acylethanolamines in female depressed outpatients
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2023
Alexander Behnke, Anja Maria Gumpp, Roberto Rojas, Timo Sänger, Sabine Lutz-Bonengel, Dirk Moser, Gustav Schelling, Aniko Krumbholz, Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
Inclusion criteria were (i) age between 18 and 60 years; (ii) absence of any severe physical disease; (iii) no current intake of medication with known effects on the immune system (e.g. systemic glucocorticosteroids). Moreover, women could not participate, if presenting (iv) diseases of the nervous system or (v) mental, behavioural, or neurodevelopmental disorders, except for MDD in the patient group. However, as MDD is often comorbid with anxiety disorders (e.g. Saha et al. 2021), we retained MDD patients with comorbid anxiety disorders (e.g. specific phobia), and additionally, we decided to retain one case with mild binge-eating tendencies (cf. Table 1). These comorbidities in the patient group had to be of low severity, and from a therapeutic perspective, they were of secondary importance to the overall constitution of the patient as compared with their MDD episode. Non-depressed controls were not allowed to fulfill the criteria of any current mental, behavioural, or neurodevelopmental disorder. The study also served the investigation of MDD-related differences in sex hormones accumulated in hair (see Behnke et al. 2021, for results); therefore, participation was limited to women to preclude sex-specific hormonal effects.
Using Xenopus oocytes in neurological disease drug discovery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Steven L. Zeng, Leland C. Sudlow, Mikhail Y. Berezin
Neurological and neuropathic diseases present as a multitude of symptoms such as dementia, stroke, and loss of motor function, chronic pain or alterations in sensation. Despite the strong research effort toward the development of treatments, large and growing populations suffer from more than 600 diseases of the nervous system including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, peripheral neuropathies, or multiple sclerosis. In the US alone, these conditions affect over 10 million people and account for almost $800 billion dollars in annual costs [1]. The large prevalence of neuropathologies and difficulties in their treatments is partly due to the gaps in the understanding of the basic cellular and biochemical mechanisms involved, which hamper the development of more effective treatments [2–4]. Moreover, brain, spine and nerve disorders often involve multiple, related dysfunctions such as changes in cellular structure, gain or loss of function mutations, or ion imbalances [5]. Understanding the interplay of these changes that ultimately lead to the disease presents a challenge for the drug developers that are looking for a distinct target to prevent or treat the disease.
Enhanced anti-angiogenetic effect of transferrin receptor-mediated delivery of VEGF-trap in a glioblastoma mouse model
Published in mAbs, 2022
Peng Zhao, Yasuaki Anami, Peng Gao, Xuejun Fan, Leike Li, Kyoji Tsuchikama, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang an
Diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), including cancer (e.g., glioblastoma (GBM) and glioma), neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease), autoimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis), nervous system disease (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and genetic disorders (e.g., lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs)), are often difficult to treat. Antibody and protein-based drug modalities are promising options in treating CNS diseases, yet a very limited number of approved therapies are in this category.1, 2 One of the major hurdles for developing antibody and protein-based therapeutics for CNS diseases is the low brain entry, which is largely due to existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).3 The BBB is formed by the endothelial cell tight and adherent junctions that severely restrict the entry of macromolecules administered peripherally.4–6
Related Knowledge Centers
- Nervous System
- Cancer
- Seizure
- Epilepsy
- Stroke
- Developmental Disorder
- Spina Bifida
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Parkinson's Disease