ENTRIES A–Z
Philip Winn in Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
The scientific study of NERVOUS SYSTEM and all the tissues that compose it. Because it is such a large field of study, qualifying terms are often added such as BEHAVIOURAL NEUROSCIENCE, COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE or invertebrate neuroscience (the study of the nervous systems of INVERTEBRATES, obviously). NEUROLOGY refers to the branch of medicine that concerns itself with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. It is expressly medical: neuroscience is the scientific study of nervous systems and does not have special medical focus, although it evidently has medical value. The neurosciences have expanded enormously over the past few decades, perhaps best indexed by the growth of organizations dedicated to neuroscience: see for example the websites maintained by the Society for Neuroscience (http://www.sfn.org/) or the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (http://www.fens.org/). Intellectually, it is of considerable interest to see the effect that neuroscience has had on psychology, in which biological explanations for many psychological phenomena are routinely sought, where in the past mental explanations (MENTALISM) would have been identified. The impact of neuroscience has also been felt in philosophy with the advent of NEUROPHILOSOPHY (and see also DUALISM). While there is great enthusiasm at the moment for neuroscientific explanations of psychological phenomena (see for example CONSCIOUSNESS) doubts have been expressed about the cogency of the explanations offered and indeed the ability of neuroscience to provide explanations for all forms of psychological process.
The Legal Aspects of Narcolepsy
Meeta Goswami, Charles P. Pollak, Felissa L. Cohen, Michael J. Thorpy, Neil B. Kavey, Austin H. Kutscher, Jill C. Crabtree in Psychosocial Aspects of Narcolepsy, 2015
While narcolepsy's etiology is largely unknown, its classification as an impairment of the neurological system should not be disputed. This classification is important in consideration of whether particular laws concerning disability, such as the Rehabilitation Act or the Developmental Disabilities Act, apply to narcolepsy. Stedman's Medical Dictionary (1982), 24th Edition, defines neurology as the branch of medical science concerned with the nervous system and its disorder. The nervous system is the organ system which, along with the endocrine system, correlates the adjustments and reactions of an organism to internal and environmental conditions. It comprises the central and peripheral nervous system; the former is composed of the brain and spinal cord, and the latter includes all the other neural elements.7 Common knowledge dictates that, if a person is unable to avoid the onset of sleep, the brain—that is, the neurological system—is suffering from an impairment.
The Neurologist in Film
Eelco F. M. Wijdicks in Neurocinema—The Sequel, 2022
Medicine is specialized, and expertise is divided over multiple areas. Physicians have a good idea of what these fields of medicine entail. For everyone else, the question is: what is a neurologist? The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) defines a neurologist as “a medical doctor with specialized training in diagnosing, treating, and managing disorders of the brain and nervous system.” According to the AAN website, the disorders that neurologists treat are Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, brain injury and concussion, stroke, brain tumors, epilepsy, migraine and other headaches, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, peripheral neuropathy, chronic and acute such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders, sleep disorders, and spinal cord injury. Many neurologists have been trained in a subspecialty, and acute neurologic disorders are often seen by neurointensivists, neurohospitalists, vascular neurologists, and epileptologists.
Remote clinical training practice in the neurology internship during the COVID-19 pandemic
Published in Medical Education Online, 2021
Miao He, Xiang-qi Tang, Hai-nan Zhang, Ying-ying Luo, Zhen-chu Tang, Shu-guang Gao
The department of neurology receives patients with disorders involving the nervous system. The particularities of neurology intern training are as follows: First, the students are expected to receive more intensive training in clinical reasoning and critical thinking since many neurological disorders present similar clinical features and radiographic findings. Besides, difficult, complicated, undiagnosed or rare clinical cases are common in the neurology department. Second, long-term follow-ups are required and implemented more commonly in neurology than in other disciplines. Third, the training of theoretical knowledge and practical skills is equally important. The offline conventional clinical training plays an essential and irreplaceable role in neurology intern training as effective experience can only be obtained from real clinical settings. However, even before the pandemic, certain shortcomings of the conventional intern training program have been exposed. For example, since highly qualified physicians in China are expected to undertake clinical, teaching and research duties concurrently, the amount of time they can spend on educating interns is very limited. Additionally, due to the short period of time the interns can stay in one department (usually 2–3 weeks), they may miss the opportunities to observe and learn some typical or rare clinical cases [17]. Considering the unique advantages of online learning mode, a quality online clinical training program can possibly overcome, at least in part, the shortcomings of the conventional intern training program and achieve a good teaching effect [18].
New innovations and educational process in undergraduate neurology education in blended learning
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2023
Siyu Mu, Jingman Hu, Fangxi Liu, Chuansheng Zhao, Yefei Sun
Neurology, as a subfield of neuroscience, is distinguished by its multidisciplinary foundation and complex diagnostic-therapeutic interventions [24]. The conventional undergraduate pedagogy has traditionally been characterized by didactic-style sessions, where students are provided information to be memorized mechanically rather than encouraged to think creatively [25]. The current module suffers from significant drawbacks, including inefficiency, inflexibility, and a lack of learner-centeredness [26]. Consequently, there is a pressing need to incorporate self-study activities and interactive exercises that can stimulate learners’ curiosity and excitement, as the demand for such approaches is high [27]. Especially for neurology study, integrating classes with both knowledge and entertainment make the classes more interesting, and consequently, it may be effective in overcoming ‘Neurophobia.’
Reliability of the Norwegian version of PainDETECT: a test-retest study
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2023
Anette Melsom Myhre, Liv Inger Strand
To ensure sufficient valid data for the test-retest reliability study, 107 participants were recruited from patients presenting at two physiotherapy clinics from August 2018 to July 2020. To secure generalisability, the following inclusion criteria were used: patients older than 18 years with pain lasting more than three months, regardless of diagnosis or pain localisation. They had to be able to write and speak Norwegian and give written consent to participate in the study. As the patients in a test-retest study are assumed to be rather stable on the construct to be measured, exclusion criteria was Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) ≤2 or ≥6 at re-test, implying major changes in their perceived pain. The physiotherapist diagnosed the patient based on information from the first consultation. For patients with for example neurological disorders the patients had been diagnosed before by their general practitioner or a specialist in neurology.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Nervous System
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Neuroscience
- Physician
- Neurological Disorder
- Stroke
- Epilepsy
- Parkinson's Disease