Cardiovascular disease
Sally Robinson in Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Cerebrovascular disease refers to several conditions that affect the blood vessels in the brain. A cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or a stroke, means that the blood supply to part of the brain has been interrupted. Most strokes are ischaemic, meaning they are caused because of a blood clot, often due to atherosclerosis. Some are the result of a haemorrhage, meaning a blood vessel burst. The symptoms of a stroke include the face may drop on one side, the individual may be unable to smilean inability to lift both arms and keep them thereslurred or garbled speech(NHS, 2019a)
Introduction to Vascular Complications in Oncology Patients
Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto in Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
Cerebrovascular complications show a high incidence and a great impact on the morbidity/mortality of patients with cancer. They may represent the first manifestation of an oncological disease, but they can also be related to treatment neurotoxicity (chemo- and radiotherapy). The incidence of cerebrovascular diseases is probably similar in patients with cancer and the general population, but in the former it is possible to identify the specific causes of a stroke, such as those related to the tumor itself (tumor compression or infiltration, tumor embolism, intratumoral hemorrhage, tumoral aneurysm rupture), those originating in complications from chemotherapy treatments (nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, cerebral intravascular coagulation, vein thrombosis, thrombocytopenia), or those associated with radiotherapy (late vasculopathy) or vascular lesion due to surgery. The most common causes of cerebrovascular disease seem to be different in patients with hematological and solid neoplasias. In patients with hematological neoplasia (especially leukemia), cerebral hemorrhage is more common than ischemic stroke, its etiology being more usual than septic stroke and disseminated intravascular coagulation. In patients with solid neoplasia, ischemic cerebral stroke caused by nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis and disseminated intravascular coagulation is more common [5].
Perioperative issues
Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa in Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Perioperative stroke approaches 5% following HNC surgery and is usually embolic carrying mortality of 26%. Risk factors largely mirror the general population and past cerebrovascular disease is a strong predictor [23]. Where possible, surgery should be delayed within 3 months of a stroke due to higher risk of a major adverse vascular event [24]. Carotid Doppler imaging should be arranged for stroke in the past year according to national HNC guidelines [9], although international guidelines recommend carotid artery and cerebral imaging for stroke or TIA in the preceding 6 months [12]. Where possible, head and neck surgery should be delayed in symptomatic carotid disease (stroke or TIA of the corresponding vascular territory in the past 6 months) [12]. The focus preoperatively is optimisation of modifiable risk factors such as hypertension and continuation of antithrombotic or antiplatelet therapy (see section ‘Perioperative medication management and prescribing’). Where surgery must proceed, hypotension must be avoided and meticulous intraoperative care taken to protect the carotid vessels [9].
Highly-expressed circ_0129657 inhibits proliferation as well as promotes apoptosis and inflammation in HBMECs after oxygen-glucose deprivation via miR-194-5p/GMFB axis
Published in Autoimmunity, 2023
Yun Qian, Bo Tang, Hao Zhang, Hui Yang
Stroke, also known as cerebral stroke, is an acute cerebrovascular disease with a wide range of causes [1–4]. It is mainly caused by the sudden rupture of blood vessels in the brain or blockage of blood vessels [2], further causing brain tissue damage or brain blood circulation disorders of the disease [2, 5]. Insufficient blood supply to the brain is followed by neurological dysfunction, which can lead to disability or loss of autonomic consciousness [3, 6, 7]. Due to the rapid onset of the disease, the optimal treatment time is very short, resulting in a high mortality rate in addition to a high morbidity rate. Therefore, stroke has been a serious health problem for people all around the world [7]. It also imposes a huge economic burden on families and countries [8]. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to prevent the onset of the disease or to save the life of the patients within the best resuscitation time. Here, we aimed to investigate bio-diagnostic markers that could be used as valid markers for stroke and provide a theoretical basis for the early onset of the disease.
Gallic acid attenuates cerebral ischemia/re-perfusion-induced blood–brain barrier injury by modifying polarization of microglia
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2022
Yang Qu, Lin Wang, Yanfang Mao
Cerebrovascular disease is a common frequently-occurring pathology. The complexity of the pathologies present, and the underlying mechanisms for their development after cerebral ischemia determines the difficulty of treatment. Finding new and effective drugs that could block or reduce the cerebral ischemic cascade are an intense focus of research. Studies have shown that within a few hours after cerebral ischemia, an inflammatory response occurs immediately, and microglia are activated (Xu et al. 2020). The role of microglia in this response to cerebral ischemia is complex; it is believed that microglial activation leads to increased release of nitric oxide, oxygen free radicals, and other toxic substances, all which act to damage neurons (Jiang et al. 2020). As activation of microglia continues for a few weeks after ischemia, it would seem that interventions against this second type of brain injury (i.e., caused by inflammatory reactions) should become an additional target for the developers of neuroprotective drugs.
Comparison of complications during 1-year follow-up between remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema syndrome and elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis
Published in Immunological Medicine, 2022
Tomoki Origuchi, Masataka Umeda, Tomohiro Koga, Shin-ya Kawashiri, Naoki Iwamoto, Kunihiro Ichinose, Mami Tamai, Toshiaki Tsukada, Taiichiro Miyashita, Nozomi Iwanaga, Yoshiro Horai, Kazuhiko Arima, Toshiyuki Aramaki, Yukitaka Ueki, Katsumi Eguchi, Atsushi Kawakami
The diagnosis of HT was based on systolic blood pressure >140mmHg, diastolic blood pressure >90mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive medication. The diagnosis of DM was based on the American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria of DM, or treatment with hypoglycemic agents [6]. The diagnosis of dyslipidemia was based on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ≥140 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ≤40 mg/dL, triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL, or treatment with lipid-lowering drugs. The prevalence of IHD was defined as a physician’s diagnosis, use of an anti-anginal drug, or hospitalization for IHD. Cerebrovascular diseases were categorized as positive if any of the following diseases were present: cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The incidence of cerebrovascular diseases was defined as a physician’s diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging findings, or hospitalization for cerebrovascular disease.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Cerebral Circulation
- Artery
- Blood Vessel
- Stroke
- Hemiparesis
- Brain
- Hypertension
- Atherosclerosis
- Angiopathy
- Transient Ischemic Attack