General Synonyms
Terence R. Anthoney in Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
For the more (most) rostral of two or more similar structures in the spinal cord or brain stem. “Cranial” may be used chiefly by some authors who received their primary training in Great Britain. 1a. cranial colliculus (M&M, p. 39)1b. superior colliculus (B&K, p. 88)2a. cranial cerebellar peduncle (M&M, p. 46)2b. superior cerebellar peduncle (B&K, p. 157)3a. cranial medullary velum (M&M, p. 46)3b. superior medullary velum (B&K, p.86)
Anatomy of the head and neck
Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis in Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
The dorsal surface of the brainstem is marked by a continuation of the median sulcus extending upwards from the spinal cord into the medulla. Internally, within its caudal two-thirds is a closed central canal. This canal moves to a more a posterior position in the more rostral medulla, eventually opening as the fourth ventricle, deep to the cerebellum. Its floor is the dorsal surface of the rostral medulla and, dorsolaterally, it is dominated by the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Nerve fibres pass through the inferior cerebellar peduncle from the medulla to the cerebellum.
Brain Motor Centers and Pathways
Nassir H. Sabah in Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
The cerebellum is connected to the dorsal aspect of the brainstem by three large fiber bundles on either side, referred to as the cerebellar peduncles, and identified as: the inferior cerebellar peduncle, or restiform body, the middle cerebellar peduncle, or brachium pontis, and the superior cerebellar peduncle, or brachium conjunctivum.
Pseudobulbar affect after stroke: a narrative review
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2018
Tarun Girotra, Forrest Lowe, Wuwei Feng
Wang et al highlighted the strategic location of the pons when they compared 112 stroke survivors (56 with PBA and 56 without PBA). They observed that patients with PBA are more likely to have pontine lesions than the control group (56.3% vs 17.9%, p < 0.01) and this association was stronger with bilateral pontine lesions (86.7% vs 20%, p < 0.01).15 In the multivariate analysis, pontine lesions with or without other lesions were significantly associated with a greater likelihood for having PBA [odd’s ratio (OR) 12.24, 95% CI: 2.99–58.66].15 This observation is logical as the descending fibers converge at the pons before passing into the cerebellum through the middle cerebellar peduncle. A specific lesion in the pons can have a higher chance for disrupting this network described by Parvizi.
Longitudinal Changes in the Sensorimotor Pathways of Very Preterm Infants During the First Year of Life With and Without Intervention: A Pilot Study
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2021
Sonia Khurana, Megan E Evans, Claire E Kelly, Deanne K Thompson, Jennifer C. Burnsed, Amy D. Harper, Karen D. Hendricks-Muñoz, Mary S Shall, Richard D Stevenson, Ketaki Inamdar, Gregory Vorona, Stacey C Dusing
DTI metrics (FA and MD) and volume were calculated for five white matter regions of interest (ROIs): i) corticospinal tract (CST), ii) posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), iii) corona radiata (CR), iv) cerebral peduncles (CP), and v) cerebellar peduncles (CBP). In case of cerebellar peduncle we averaged superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncle together to obtain one single value each for FA and MD. However, volume was derived by adding the values of all three regions together into one. The CST was chosen to be the primary region of interest based on its importance in the output of voluntary movement, as well as the extensive literature on CST dysfunction in preterm infants.25 Likewise, the PLIC is commonly used to predict the development of cerebral palsy based on the amount of myelination.26 Lastly, the corona radiata, cerebral peduncles, and cerebellar peduncles (superior, middle, and inferior) were included based on their role in motor learning and motor processing.27,28
On the origin of the term decussatio pyramidum
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2018
French physician Jacques Houllier (1498/1504–1562), commenting on the above-mentioned Hippocratic aphorism No. 448 from “Coan Prenotions,” also denied that the nerves extend across, nervi … decussati excurrant (1576, p. 959). He was supported in this opinion by Danish anatomist Thomas Bartholin the Elder (1616–1680), who states in a commentary on his work that contralateral disability in head injuries does not happen due to decussation of the nerves, per nervorum decussationem (1661, p. 4). British physician Samuel Collins (1618–1710) says several times in his chapter on the optic nerve of his book A Systeme of Anatomy that optic nerves “do unite themselves without any decussation” (1685, pp. 1045–1046). As we can see, paradoxically, the term decussatio occurs even in authors who deny decussation. A contemporary and countryman of Collins was Thomas Willis (1621–1675). He distinguished three medullar processes in the cerebellar peduncle, the second of them crossing (decussatim) the first one (Willis, 1664, p. 44). While Willis does not use the term decussatio, he introduced into anatomy the term pyramis (Willis, 1664, p. 46). French anatomist Raymond Vieussens (1635–1715) does not use the term decussatio, he speaks of medullary fibers that intersect each other (vicissim sese cruciatim intersecent) (1684, p. 81).