Muscle Force and Range of Motion as Predictors of Standing Balance in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Robert J. Palisano in Movement Sciences: Transfer of Knowledge into Pediatric Therapy Practice, 2012
Promoting balance in standing during daily activities and routines is an outcome of therapy intervention for children with cerebral palsy (CP) (Horak & Shumway-Cook, 1990; Palisano et al., 1997; Shumway-Cook & Woollacott, 2001). Children with CP have been documented to have poorer balance abilities in standing compared to typically developing peers (Thorpe & Westcott, 1998; Woollacott, Burtner, & Jensen, 1998). Based on models of disablement, balance disorders can be examined on many levels (World Health Organization, 2001). Therapists frequently evaluate the impact balance has on the child’s ability to perform functional skills such as walking and dressing. Balance can also be evaluated independent of functional task through perturbations, on tilt boards, or through weight shifting. Knowledge of the neuromuscular and musculoskeletal impairments that interact with the standing balance of children with CP would have application to physical and occupational therapy examination, prognosis, and intervention.
Modern Rehabilitation Techniques for COVID-19
Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang in Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Here are two forms of exercises. The first one is walking on the spot with low intensity. Note that patients should not bow their heads or hold their breath in the process of walking on the spot and try to keep breathing evenly. The patients can adjust the intensity of movement by step frequency and height of leg lifting. The second one is the exercise of feet shifting on the step, suitable for patients in good physical condition. The patients can prepare a wooden box with a suitable height and large surface. This exercise requires patients to put Foot A on the box and Foot B under the box and then put Foot B on the box and Foot A under the box. Repeat those feet-shifting processes several times. During this exercise, patients should not lower their heads or hold their breath, so as to keep even breathing. The patients can adjust the exercise intensity by the frequency of lifting the leg and the height of the wooden box. Patients with balance disorders should cautiously choose this form of exercise to prevent falls.
Rehabilitation and management of visual dysfunction following traumatic brain injury
Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda in Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
The VOR must be coordinated with the cervical–ocular reflex (COR), a proprioceptive mechanism, which also contributes to gaze stabilization. In the COR, eye movement is elicited by rotation of the neck. The VOR decreases with age, and the COR covaries, in the opposite direction, increasing with age.113 The COR is increased in whiplash, interfering with the synergy between COR and VOR, and may contribute to symptoms in these patients, including dizziness and vertigo.114 In the differential diagnosis of dizziness and balance disorders, the COR must be considered along with the visual and vestibular contributions.
Effects of diagonally aligned sitting training with a tilted surface on sitting balance for low sitting performance in the early phase after stroke: a randomised controlled trial
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Kazuhiro Fukata, Kazu Amimoto, Masahide Inoue, Daisuke Sekine, Mamiko Inoue, Yuji Fujino, Shigeru Makita, Hidetoshi Takahashi
Balance disorders are caused by changes in the motor, sensory, and integrative aspects of motor control [1]. Sitting balance in the early phase after stroke is a useful indicator for predicting motor and functional outcomes, although static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance, postural reaction, position sense, etc. are often disturbed in this phase [2–8]. While most stroke patients regain unsupported sitting ability early after stroke onset, some who had widespread brain damage cannot achieve independent sitting [9]. Moreover, stroke patients with a contralesionally tilted posture [10], pusher behaviour [10–12], or who have impaired postural vertical perception—defined as cognitive awareness of postural orientation [13,14] —are prevented from maintaining a vertical posture [10–12] and have prolonged mobility recovery [15]. Thus, for patients with a low sitting performance, regaining sitting ability is a major goal of early stroke rehabilitation.
Air and bone-conducted vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in children with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Xuhui Liu, Lili Ren, Jianan Li, Fei Ji, Xingjian Liu, Yi Du, Weiwei Guo, Ziming Wu, Shiming Yang
In addition to the elevated amplitude of air-conducted cVEMP among the kids of LVAS, we also found that the asymmetric ratio of double-side amplitudes might be used as a potential predictor to estimate the risk of developing vestibular symptoms among the kids of LVAS. We understood that dizziness and vertigo are symptoms of vestibular balance disorder. A sensor in the ear sends the information to our brain to contribute to our sense of balance. When one-side ear sends much stronger pulse to the brain than other-side ear, our brain would be disoriented and could not keep balance. The scientific importance of our findings revealed that asymmetric ratio test of air-conducted oVEMP could be recommended as a routine parameter for predicting the possibility of developing vestibular symptoms among the kid of LVAS. The reliability and accuracy of this indicator need to be validated in future by other investigators.
The association between smoking and dizziness in U.S. adults: a population-based survey study
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2021
Eric J. Formeister, Jeffrey D. Sharon
Dizziness and balance disorders are extremely common in the U.S., with substantial economic and healthcare utilisation implications. As the U.S. population continues to age, problems with dizziness and imbalance can be expected to increase commensurately. Despite the known high prevalence of dizziness and balance disorders in the U.S., however, few studies have rigorously assessed risk factors or evaluated the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of those suffering from this common problem. This study elaborates on the epidemiology of dizziness in the U.S. by establishing the sociodemographic and clinic characteristics of those who reported dizziness on a nationwide, well-validated, and representative sample of the U.S. adult population. We found that dizziness is a common problem, affecting up to 11.1% of the population over a one-year period. More interesting, however, we demonstrated that smoking is a significant and independent risk factor for having experienced dizziness, after controlling for confounding smoking-related conditions with known associations with dizziness. Stated differently, having smoked greater than 100 cigarettes over a lifetime conferred a 1.3 times increased odds of suffering from dizziness as compared to those without cigarette use. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study of the linkage between smoking and dizziness in the U.S.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Atrophy
- Cognition
- Inner Ear
- Lightheadedness
- Proprioception
- Vestibular System
- Visual System
- Hippocampus
- Sense of Balance
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging