Discussions (D)
Terence R. Anthoney in Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
One could argue that the ependyma is really a ventricular lining, external to the hippocampus itself, and, likewise, that the alveus is a layer of efferent fibers rather than part of the hippocampal cortex. Presumably for similar reasons, Martinez Martinez excludes the ependyma, describing only the remaining six “layers” (1982, p. 259–260); and Carpenter and Sutin exclude the ependyma and the alveus, describing only the remaining five “laminae” in the hippocampal cortex (1983, p. 626).
The effect of experimentally-induced diabetes on rat hippocampus and the potential neuroprotective effect of Cerebrolysin combined with insulin. A histological and immunohistochemical study
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Doaa El-Adli, Salwa A. Gawish, Amany AbdElFattah Mohamed AbdElFattah, Mona Fm. Soliman
The hippocampal formation consisted of hippocampus proprius, dentate gyrus (DG) and the subicular cortex (SC). The hippocampus proprius could be differentiated into CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4 regions. The DG had a crest and upper and lower blades surrounding CA4 (Figure 1 (a and b)). The hippocampus proprius was formed of the following layers; the alveus, stratum oriens (st.or), stratum pyramidale (st.py), stratum radiatum (st.rd) and stratum lacunosum-moleculare (st.lm). The alveus was the innermost layer containing nerve fibers and neuroglial cells. St.or showed scattered cells within the nerve fibers. St.py consisted of 5–6 layers of pyramidal cells. St.rd showed a radial streaking pattern of fibers. Finally, St.lm showed horizontal fibers, neuroglial cells and blood vessels (Figure 1 (c)). Pyramidal cells of CA3 appeared as large sized, loosely packed triangular cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Each cell showed an apical dendrite ramifying toward St.rd and basal dendrites (Figure 1 (d)). The DG consisted of molecular, granular and polymorphic layers. The polymorphic layer showed scattered polymorphic nuclei. The granule cell layer (GCL) contained 8–9 compactly arranged layers of granule cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Spindle-shaped immature cells with oval darkly stained nuclei were seen in the subgranular zone (SGZ) (Figure 1 (e and f)).
Tramadol administration induced hippocampal cells apoptosis, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in juvenile and adult male mice, histological and immunohistochemical study
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2020
Ola A. Hussein, Asmaa Fathi Abdel Mola, Amal Rateb
As regards to the CA1 field of control AH, H& E stained sections revealed the following strata in order, from the alveus to the hippocampal fissure, stratum oriens, stratum pyramidal, and stratum radiatum. The pyramidal neurons were the principal cell type in the CA1 field and their triangular perikarya were closely located in stratum pyramidal. These neurons were medium-sized and smaller than those of the CA3 field. They contained rounded vesicular nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm. Scattered cells and blood capillaries were also noticed (Figure 3a). CA1 field of adult tramadol-treated group showed few dark shrunken pyramidal neurons, whereas, the majority of cells showed the normal appearance (Figure 3b). Empty areas were seen around blood capillaries. In the tramadol juvenile treated group, CA1 revealed many dark shrunken pyramidal neurons surrounded by empty spaces and wide spaces were observed around blood capillaries (Figure 3c).
Foramen caecum medullae oblongatae in the history of anatomical terminology
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2020
František Šimon, Florian Steger
Franz de le Boë (1614–1672), who was called in Latin Franciscus Sylvius, was a German–Dutch anatomist who presented an anatomy of the brain in the first edition of his work Disputationum medicarum decas. In it there is “alius canalis, alveus nominandus”—that is, another channel that is to be called alveus, in between the pons and the ventriculus quartus (Sylvius 1663, 50). The Latin word alveus means a hollow, trough, channel, or bed (Oxford Latin Dictionary1968, 111). This one is arch-shaped, formed from extensions of the spinal cord roots, and covered in a thin membrane. The same wording reappeared in several later editions of his work.