Disruptions in physical substrates of vision following traumatic brain injury
Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda in Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
There are three multimodal association cortices: the posterior, anterior, and limbic association areas. These are shown in Figure 9.3. It should be noted that approximately 90% of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere is covered with association areas. The posterior multimodal association area allows for spatial and temporal integration of all sensory modalities and is located in the posterior parietal lobe predominately in the angular gyrus. This is important for multisensory integration and spatial and language function. Figure 9.4 shows connections between the visual association areas with all three multimodal association areas. The anterior association area is located in the prefrontal area and allows for visual percepts to be incorporated into higher cortical function by determining which of the unimodal and multimodal inputs from other parts of the brain should be attended to at any specific time. The limbic association cortex, the allocortex, serves as a supervisor that processes feelings and emotion that interface between the external world and the internal self in addition to mediating memory. These supramodal areas, the anterior and limbic association areas, help bring our personal past and the present into the future. They bring explicit and implicit knowledge gained through past experience to bear on information processed in the here and now. The supramodal system can give rise to de novo creativity, ideas, thought, memory, motivation, and free will in the absence of sensory stimulation or action in the immediate present. The supramodal system is paramount to the genesis of our emotions. The higher cortical functions are processes exclusively in the domain of the cerebral cortex.
Introduction: Background Material
Nassir H. Sabah in Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
The allocortex areas are in the peripheral parts of the cerebral cortex and have only three or four layers. The main constituents of the allocortex are the hippocampus and parts of the olfactory system concerned with the sense of smell. The hippocampus, located in the medial temporal lobe, acts as a memory gateway to the brain by contributing to short-term memory and by helping to consolidate short-term memory to long-term memory. It is also involved in spatial navigation and spatial memory and in some behavioral respects, such as the ability to inhibit previously learnt responses.
ENTRIES A–Z
Philip Winn in Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
In evolutionary terms, the youngest part of the CEREBRAL CORTEX. Neocortex is discriminated from ALLOCORTEX and JUXTALLOCORTEX by virtue of having six distinct cell layers (see CORTICAL LAYERS). It is the largest part of the human brain, though of course it is functionally divided into distinct territories concerned with sensory, motor or associate functions. In essence, all of the cortical tissue visible on a human brain is neocortex: the allo-and juxtallocortex is buried below it. Neocortex is also known as the ISOCORTEX or (in older literature) ECTOPALLIUM or neopallium.
A critical review on the role of nanotheranostics mediated approaches for targeting β amyloid in Alzheimer’s
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Vaibhav Rastogi, Anjali Jain, Prashant Kumar, Pragya Yadav, Mayur Porwal, Shashank Chaturvedi, Phool Chandra, Anurag Verma
The disease was first discovered by Dr. Alois Alzheimer and thus named Alzheimer’s, also known as Dementia. The condition is marked by steady but continuous deterioration of the neurons in the brain. The damaged area of the brain builds up the amyloid-β peptide mass and signalises them as neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques; (tangling of the neuro fibres and accumulation of amyloid plaque, respectively), which causes the breakdown of the signals between the neurons. All this initially affects the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (the brain’s allocortex), leading to the beginning of memory loss. After that, it affects the cerebral cortex and causes behavioural problems [1]. Phases of Alzheimer’s disease are presented in Table 1.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Brodmann Area 4
- Cerebral Cortex
- Granule Cell
- Neocortex
- Olfactory System
- Hippocampus
- Brain
- Paleocortex
- Archicortex
- Periallocortex