PerformLyte—A Prodosomed PL425 PEC Phytoceutical-Enriched Electrolyte Supplement—Supports Nutrient Repletion, Healthy Blood pH, Neuromuscular Synergy, Cellular and Metabolic Homeostasis
Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi in Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Calcium: It is an essential element, which plays important roles in the formation of strong bones and teeth, and participates in skeletal muscle mobilization and blood pressure stabilization.135 An imbalance in calcium can lead to either hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia.136 Calcium mostly remains in a neutral state but carries a positive electrical charge (Ca2+) when dissolved in blood. As indicated earlier, an excessive amount of calcium in the blood leads to hypercalcemia and ultimately leads to diverse diseases, including kidney diseases, hyperparathyroidism, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and lung and breast cancers.136 Hypercalcemia can result from an excessive use of antacids, calcium plus vitamin D supplements, or structurally diverse medications such as lithium, theophylline, or selected water pills that are reported to induce hypercalcemia.135–137 Similarly, inadequate calcium in the bloodstream leads to hypocalcemia, which can lead to kidney failure, hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, prostate cancer, and malabsorption.135,136
Presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism
Demetrius Pertsemlidis, William B. Inabnet III, Michel Gagner in Endocrine Surgery, 2017
Parathyroid cancer is rare. It is typically estimated to account for less than 1% of cases of PHPT [58]. Unlike in benign PHPT, parathyroid cancer affects men and women in equal proportion. In addition, patients with parathyroid cancer tend to present at a younger age, often in their mid-40s. While the physical exam in patients with benign disease is usually unremarkable, in parathyroid cancer 30%–76% of patients have a palpable neck mass [59]. Patients present with signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia, including polydipsia, polyuria, muscle weakness, and nausea [58]. Serum calcium levels are typically above 14 mg/dL, with PTH levels between three and ten times the upper limit of normal [59]. The complications of hyperparathyroidism are more common and more severe than in PHPT. Approximately half of patients have kidney stones, and evidence of bone disease is seen on imaging in 34%–91% of patients with parathyroid cancer.
Noninfectious Pulmonary Manifestations of Renal Disease In Children
Lourdes R. Laraya-Cuasay, Walter T. Hughes in Interstitial Lung Diseases in Children, 2019
Sarcoidosis classically presents with hilar lymphadenopathy on radiograph which is sometimes accompanied by infiltrates or nodules. It is a rare disease under 10 years of age but occasionally infants under 1 year of age are affected. Renal involvement in sarcoidosis occurs in 4 to 11% of patients. Sarcoid granulomas are often present in the kidneys, although they rarely cause functional impairment.28 Glomerular involvement is rare and when it occurs the glomerular lesions include membranous, mesangial, proliferative, or intracapillary glomerulonephritis. Very rarely focal or segmental hyalinosis may occur.38 The underlying lesion may be produced by circulating immune complexes. Renal damage (nephrocalcinosis) from hypercalcemia is often.
Regional citrate anticoagulation versus low molecular weight heparin anticoagulation for continuous venovenous hemofiltration in patients with severe hypercalcemia: a retrospective cohort study
Published in Renal Failure, 2020
Yan Yu, Ming Bai, Zhang Wei, Lijuan Zhao, Yangping Li, Feng Ma, Shiren Sun
The baseline characteristics of the included patients are described in Table 1. Overall, 75.8% of the patients were male with a mean age of 56.3 ± 17.2 years. Patients in the LMWH-anticoagulation group were older than those in the RCA group (60.0 ± 14.8 vs. 46.4 ± 20.2, p = .042). The median serum calcium was 3.78 ± 0.52 mmol/L before CVVH. The two groups did not have significantly different serum calcium levels or remaining baseline characteristics (Table 1). The causes of hypercalcemia were malignancy (including multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, hepatoma, esophageal cancer and acute leukemia) in 78.7% of the patients and primary parathyroid adenoma in 21.2% of the patients. AKI (27/33, 81.8%), somnolence (6/33, 18.2%), and arrhythmia (3/33, 9.1%) were the most common serious symptoms of hypercalcemia, followed by coma (2/33, 6.1%).
Symptomatic hypercalcemia and scarring alopecia as presenting features of sarcoidosis
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2018
Jillian Frieder, Dario Kivelevitch, Alan Menter
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease with a peak onset between the ages of 20 and 40 years. It is slightly more common in women, and the incidence is especially high in African Americans (40 to 70 per 100,000 population per year) compared to Caucasians (5 to 19 per 100,000).1 Though cutaneous involvement is a common extrathoracic manifestation (20%–35%), sarcoidosis of the scalp is a rare clinical entity.2 Aberrant calcium metabolism is also associated with sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases, presenting most commonly with hypercalciuria. Symptomatic hypercalcemia is seen in a small proportion of cases (approximately 5%) and rarely causes kidney damage.3,4 We report an unusual case of sarcoidosis presenting with symptomatic hypercalcemia, scarring alopecia, and acute-on-chronic kidney failure.
Biosimilarity of HS-20090 to Denosumab in healthy Chinese subjects: a randomized, double-blinded, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics study
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2022
Yaqi Lin, Heng Yang, Xiaoyan Yang, Can Guo, Shuang Yang, Guoping Yang, Qiong Wu, Chao Pan, Changan Sun, Chuan Li, Liangliang He, Jie Huang, Qi Pei
Denosumab binds to RANKL, thereby modulating calcium release from bone. Normal serum calcium levels are 8–10 mg/dL (2.0–2.5 mmol/L), although the exact range can vary among laboratories [13]. In this study, normal serum calcium levels are 2.2–2.7 mmol/L. When the total serum calcium level is at concentrations of 2.1 mmol/L or less, it was considered hypocalcemia. Hypercalcemia is judged by our research doctor if the total serum calcium level is higher than 2.8 mmol/L. Both of them are graded according to the CTCAE. Reduced release of calcium from the bone eventually leads to hypocalcemia. However, several subjects had the hypercalcemia during the study, which might be the rebound-linked phenomenon after Denosumab discontinuation [14]. In addition, Denosumab could also affect the parathyroid gland function. Increased blood parathyroid hormone was observed in this study, which might be a compensatory response to the transient dose-dependent decrease in serum calcium levels [15]. The increased PTH levels might lead to an increased phosphorus excretion in the absence of osteoclastic liberation of bone phosphorus, consequently resulting in a hypophosphatemia [16].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Abdominal Pain
- Arrhythmia
- Calcium
- Cardiac Arrest
- Confusion
- Depression
- Serum
- Weakness
- Kidney Stone Disease
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism