Clinical Manifestation of Mitochondrial Disorders in Childhood
Shamim I. Ahmad in Handbook of Mitochondrial Dysfunction, 2019
Kidneys as organs with high energetic demands may be also affected in mitochondrial disorders, although the kidney disease are rarely in the limelight of general clinical picture. Kidneys are affected frequently in children than in adults (Niaudet and Rotig, 1997; Emma and Salviati, 2017). Renal manifestations include polycystic kidneys, nonspecific nephritis, focal, segmental glomerulosclerosis, or tubular dysfunction, which may turn into chronic renal failure, event. requiring haemodialysis. Fanconi´s syndrome may occur in an isolated form or as part of a multisystem disease. Mitochondrial syndromes associated with renal manifestations include the KSS, Pearson, DIDMOAD, and Leigh syndromes (Finsterer and Scorza, 2017). Occurrence of tubular acidosis, Bartter’s syndrome, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, or nephritic syndrome is rare (Rotig, 2003).
Renal Disease; Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders
John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan in Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Haemodialysis is usually performed for around 4 hours three times a week. Blood is pumped past a semipermeable membrane and water, ions and small molecules pass across the membrane into dialysis fluid (Figure 8.20). By controlling the composition of this dialysis fluid, it is possible to control the removal of substances from the blood. If blood is forced past the membrane at a higher pressure, ultrafiltration of plasma also occurs. The membrane is usually in the form of small hollow fibres in a large cartridge and heparin is usually given to prevent blood clotting in the dialysis machine. Blood can be pumped from the body through large bore central venous catheters or needles placed in an arteriovenous fistula, which is formed by joining an artery to a vein in the arm.
Adherence in Children with Renal Disease
Lynn B. Myers, Kenny Midence in Adherence to Treatment in Medical Conditions, 2020
Haemodialysis usually takes place in hospital, whereas CAPD and CCPD are carried out at home. In general, children need regular haemodialysis sessions three times per week in order to survive. These haemodialysis sessions last about four hours. Along with dialysis, the child usually has dietary restrictions to maintain the potassium and phosphorous levels within limits, in addition there are limitations on the amount of fluid which can be taken. This is to prevent placing strain on the heart when there is too much fluid which cannot be removed during dialysis. In addition, there are several medications which are expected to be taken on a daily basis. Following kidney transplantation, a strict regime of immunosuppressive therapy needs to be maintained, which has a variety of unpleasant side-effects, some of which affect physical appearance.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among haemodialysis nurses – a comparison between Danish and Swedish samples
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Eva Westergren, Mette Spliid Ludvigsen, Magnus Lindberg
Haemodialysis is a life-sustaining treatment that replaces kidney functions for patients with kidney failure. The haemodialysis system consists of a dialysis machine, a disposable dialyser, a disposable blood tubing set and a dialysate solution used within the machine and the dialyser. The blood tubing set and the dialyser make up a closed extracorporeal circuit through which the patient’s blood circulates, while waste products and excessive fluid are removed from the human body [11]. Before the extracorporeal circuit can be utilized in dialysis treatment, both the blood tubing and the dialyser have to be primed by the dialysis nurse. The priming process, which occurs before the patient is connected, involves a number of manipulations and twisting forces using both hands to put up the extracorporeal circuit as well as manual clamping and sometimes turning to remove all air from the tube and dialyser. The entire priming process takes approximately 15 min to complete per treatment, but the expenditure of time varies depending on the equipment used. Proper priming is extremely important, because remaining air bubbles in the extracorporeal circuit could cause severe complications for the patient or have deadly outcomes [11,12]. Directly after cleaning, the priming process for the next treatment begins.
Diagnosis and management of tumor lysis syndrome.
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2020
Isha Puri, Deep Sharma, Krishna S. Gunturu, Andaleeb A. Ahmed
A. Hyperkalemia. It is the most life-threatening electrolyte abnormality due to the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Continuous telemetryFrequent monitoring of serum potassium (every 4–6 hours)Avoid exogenous potassium intakePotassium lowering agents (Patiromer, & sodium polystyrene sulfonate)Administration of IV Insulin-Glucose, and inhaled beta-agonists (albuterol)IV Calcium administration to prevent cardiac arrythmias.Hemodialysis or hemofiltration.
Temporal processing, spectral processing, and speech perception in noise abilities among individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Kaushlendra Kumar, Livingston Sengolraj, Mohan Kumar Kalaiah
Hearing loss is very common among patients with chronic kidney disease compared to the general population [1,2]. Chronic kidney disease is a condition in which the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter waste products (such as creatinine and urea) and fluids from the blood. Among individuals with chronic kidney disease, the excess fluids and waste products that remain in the body caused health problems which also include hearing loss. It is a progressive condition that can lead to total kidney failure, also called end-stage renal disease [3]. The treatments for individuals with end-stage renal failure are dialysis or a kidney transplant. Hemodialysis is a process where the patient’s blood is passed through a dialysis venous catheter, via a dialysis fluid solution in a hemodialysis machine, to be filtered externally, then returned to the patient.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Apheresis
- Kidney Failure
- Peritoneal Dialysis
- Renal Replacement Therapy
- Urea
- Blood
- Kidney Transplantation
- Kidney
- Kidney Dialysis
- Creatinine