General Public Health Impacts of Natural Disasters
Emily Ying Yang Chan in Public Health Humanitarian Responses to Natural Disasters, 2017
Destruction of medical facilities might affect health care access and lead to undesirable health outcomes (Kruse, 2012; Shi, 2012) (see Case Box 3.1). In primary health care settings, care providers often serve as the contact point between the community and the health care system. Community health clinics and maternal and child health centres are primary care facilities that can be easily found in a community and provide services like general management of common diseases, family planning, immunisation, health education and medical referral. Secondary health care services are usually provided in hospital settings where medical conditions that cannot be handled with basic equipment and medications at the primary care level. Tertiary health care services or care usually take place in an advanced hospital setting (e.g. a burn unit, a transplant unit or an intensive care unit with specialised health care personnel may be needed). These patients require a high level of care with specific resources/expertise requirements. Of note, in the absence of a functional health care centre, most care or emergency response are provided at the informal care level (at home, by family, friends, neighbours and bystanders) (see Case Box 3.2).
Concepts of Multidisciplinary Pain Management
Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole in Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
Finally, tertiary care refers to rehabilitation directed at preventing or ameliorating permanent disability for the patient who already suffers the effects of disability and physical deconditioning. It is this tertiary care or rehabilitation that requires an interdisciplinary team approach to accurately assess the various interrelated factors of chronic disability and pain, which then must be linked to the careful administration of a multifaceted pain management program to effect recovery and reduce permanent disability. This is not to say that the interdisciplinary approach is not of potential value for secondary care. However, this form of tertiary care is quite different from secondary care because of the intensity of services required, duration of disability, treatment program protocol, more specificity of physical and psychosocial assessment, and the greater level of coordination among health care professionals. In this chapter, we discuss this interdisciplinary approach, especially as applied to tertiary care.
Primary care
Joachim P Sturmberg, Carmel M Martin in The Foundations of Primary Care, 2018
A modern interpretation of the distinctions between primary health care and primary care has been articulated by Kelleher: Primary health care (PHC) incorporates personal care with health promotion, the prevention of illness and community development. The philosophy of PHC includes the interconnecting principles of equity, access, empowerment, community self-determination and intersectoral collaboration. It encompasses an understanding of the social, economic, cultural and political determinants of health.Primary care is more clinically focused, and can be considered a sub-component of the broader primary healthcare system. Primary care is considered health care provided by a medical professional which is a [patients] first point of entry into the health system. Primary care is practised widely in nursing and allied health, but predominately in general practice.8
Sexual function through decades: association with androgens and cardiometabolic features
Published in Climacteric, 2020
T. Yoldemir, N. Garibova, K. Atasayan
One of the limitations of our study is that it was conducted in a tertiary health-care institution. Our results need to be confirmed at primary and secondary healthcare centers. Secondly, the study should be repeated in order to see results from other subcultures, social groups, and citizens from different cities in the same country. The third limitation was the lack of data on male partners. Since we could only interview the women, we could not obtain these data. Fourth, there was no age overlap between the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups. Thus, it is unclear whether the results due to menopausal change could have any effect secondary to ageing. Those women who get their menopause before the age of 50 years and those who get it after the age of 50 years were missing in our cohort. Hence, sexual function changes with respect to ageing or changes with menopause need to be investigated in future studies.
Need for social work interventions in the emergency department
Published in Social Work in Health Care, 2023
Jobin Tom, Elizabeth K. Thomas, A. Sooraj, Seema P. Uthaman, Harish M. Tharayil, Akhil S.L., Chandni Radhakrishnan
An emergency department is part of a hospital that provides 24/7 emergency care to patients who need urgent medical attention. Emergency Department (ED) medical teams provide trauma treatment, triage for admission into the hospital for acute medical conditions, as well as medical care to those who do not or cannot access primary care. Patients with multiple medical, social, and economic needs also utilize the ED as a safety net system of care. The availability of low-cost tertiary level care treatment in the government hospitals, as opposed to the relatively high cost of treatment in private hospitals, may be a factor in choosing health care services in the emergency departments as well as the increased patient load. One of the critical aspects in the operation of an emergency department is the prioritization of cases based on clinical needs, known as triage. It is the first stage through which every patient goes when they are availing ED services and consists of a brief assessment and later assigned to another area of the department.
Miracles, Scarce Resources, and Fairness
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2018
Health care institutions are expensive to run and demand for their services can sometimes exceed supply. Demand for the time of highly trained health care professionals, as well as for the use of highly specialized medical equipment, often exceeds supply. This is especially likely to happen in publicly funded health care institutions, many of which are run on very tight budgets. In many health care institutions, a decision to treat a patient has the consequence of delaying or denying treatment to another patient. Sometimes, when patients and/or their surrogates request a departure from a recommended medical intervention, or course of care, on the grounds that they are hoping for a miracle to occur, they are asking, in effect, for the treatment of other patients to be delayed or denied.
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