Origin and Longevity of Estuaries
Michael J. Kennish in Ecology of Estuaries Physical and Chemical Aspects, 2019
The Holocene epoch is a interglacial period, the mild climates of which during the last 10,000 years have yielded measurably warmer ocean temperatures, a retreat of continental ice masses, and a rapid rise in sea level. The early Holocene apparently was not a time of gradual, uninterrupted warming; however, some sedimentological and palynological data suggest an interval of early Holocene climatic cooling about 8500 to 7500 years B.P., which has been described as a “Mesoglaciation”.3 In this brief interval, alpine glaciers and ice caps expanded in parts of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The mid-Holocene, in contrast, was warm, with the Hypsithermal interval (7000 to 5000 years ago) having temperatures as high or slightly higher than present. The climatic optimum of the Hypsithermal interval gave way to climatic cooling and glacial readvances (Neoglaciation) during the last several thousand years. Known variations in solar activity may be implicated in secular climatic change of the late Holocene Neoglaciation.41,42 Generalized climatic and glacial trends for the Holocene epoch are depicted in Figure 3.
Air Pollution
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel in Air Pollution and the Electromagnetic Phenomena as Incitants, 2018
Early records of sunspots indicate that the sun went through a period of inactivity in the late seventeenth century. Very few sunspots were seen on the sun from about 1645 to 1715. This period of solar inactivity also corresponds to a climatic period called the “Little Ice Age,” when rivers that were normally ice-free froze and snow fields remained year-round at lower altitudes. There is evidence that the sun has had similar periods of inactivity in the more distant past. The connection between solar activity and terrestrial climate is an area of ongoing research.
Physics of Lightning
Christopher J. Andrews, Mary Ann Cooper, Mat Darveniza, David Mackerras in Lightning Injuries: Electrical, Medical, and Legal Aspects Editors, 1992
Since both the number of thunderhours or thunderdays per year and the flash density vary from year to year, both parameters must be measured over many years for the relationship of average flash density to average thunderhours or thunderdays to be statistically meaningful. Anderson et al.16 recommend taking data for at least 11 years, one solar cycle, although Freier17 finds little evidence for coupling between solar activity and thunderstorms.
Calcium ion cyclotron resonance in dissipative water structures
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2018
Alexander Pazur
The quantum electrodynamics theory of water was developed by several outstanding scientists in the past 20 years (Del Giudice & Preparata, 1994; Feynman & Vernon, 2000; Grecos & Prigogine, 1972). It provides a new insight in the role of water as a ubiquitous solvent, but especially for life, which could not exist without it. Liquid water at ambient temperatures simultaneously exists in two phases: a coherent and a non-coherent one, and thereby it facilitates ICR of almost all biologically relevant cations and anions at environmental magnetic and electromagnetic fields. Commonly, the geomagnetic field contributes the static component. The dynamic AC component is provided by the electric power distributions on the one hand and electromagnetic processes in our atmosphere on the other hand. The worldwide activity of thunderstorms and solar activity events are examples of the latter. The modulation of available ions in a living being by a matching cyclotronic resonance is not marginal, it can increase to a third of the total. So it can govern its physiological processes and furthermore its ecological “fitness” resp. its health (Liboff & Jenrow, 2000b). Moreover, this overlay of two states of water obviously is capable to increase its order by dissipation of thermal energy (Del Giudice et al., 2009; Kumar & Pollak, 2014). If we assume, that one CD stores only one bit (like an electronic flip-flop), every ml of water would corresponds to a memory of 65 terabyte, more than enough to hold all epigenetic and environmental-shaped information of an individual (Brizhik et al., 2011; Lisi et al., 2008). All these expectations should be reasons enough for further investigation of the quantum electrodynamical properties of water and their capabilities.
Modern Grand Solar Minimum will lead to terrestrial cooling
Published in Temperature, 2020
Valentina Zharkova
Despite understanding the general picture of a solar cycle, it was rather difficult to match the observed sunspot numbers with the modeled ones unless the cycle is well progressed. This difficulty is a clear indication of some missing points in the definition of solar activity by sunspot numbers that turned our attention to the research of solar (poloidal) background magnetic field (SBMF) [1].
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