Industrial and Transport Infrastructure Noise
Gaetano Licitra, Giovanni d'Amore, Mauro Magnoni in Physical Agents in the Environment and Workplace, 2018
This section deals with the requirements that must be fulfilled to be a useful working document for the noise technician, presenting an example. The catalog must have a structure that makes it manageable and provides easy access to information. The content should include a broad description of measures and any previous experience that serves to quantify the parameters treated in Table 2.3. In this sense, there is a considerable amount of easily accessible information from the projects funded by EU which can serve as a basis for developing the catalog. Also, the know-how acquired can be transferred to the catalog. The document should be organized in a logical way. For example, the section ‘reduction of noise at the source: road’ could be easily divided into four or more subsections that contain related mitigation measures: 1. reduction of road traffic density by traffic management; 2. control measures for noisy vehicles; 3. traffic calming – noise control measures which can moderate speed and uneven traffic flow; 4. quiet surfaces and street maintenance.
Confidentiality, privacy and access to medical records
Marc Stauch, Kay Wheat in Text, Cases and Materials on Medical Law and Ethics, 2018
Note the provisions of the Road Traffic Act 1988: The case of Hunter v Mann84 examined the extent to which this requirement was applicable to doctors in relation to the forerunner of the 1988 provision, s 168 of the Road Traffic Act 1972. The relevant part of the provision is identical to the 1988 Act. The question to be answered by the Divisional Court was whether a doctor who failed to comply with the provision under s 172(2) (b), above, in respect of information brought to his knowledge in the course of his professional relationship with a patient, was guilty of an offence under s 172(3). The argument on the part of the doctor was that the relevant words should be given a restricted meaning, so as to exclude confidential information, and those in a special position of confidence such as doctors. Boreham J stated:85 Information must also be disclosed pursuant to the Abortion Regulations 1991, SI 1991/499 for various purposes including the investigation of whether an offence has been committed in relation to abortion, and for bona fide scientific research. Note, too, the provisions of ss 33 and 34 of the Supreme Court Act 1981, which provide for disclosure of documents during the course of litigation considered above.
Head Injury
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner in Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects more than 50 million people worldwide each year and is the leading cause of death in young adults.1 It is a major cause of disability and like trauma generally, disproportionately affects those of lower income. In high-income countries TBI is increasing in the elderly where the most common mechanism of injury is falls.2 In lower income countries, road traffic incidents are still the major cause. Whilst TBI has traditionally been the domain of neurosurgeons, a multidisciplinary approach, from optimal resuscitation and transfer to the most appropriate facility, through to personalized critical care management and then rehabilitation is vital in achieving best outcome for this group of patients. Of course, prevention through improved public health and legislation is key to minimizing the overall burden of TBI.
A bibliometric analysis of road traffic injury research themes, 1928–2018
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2021
Linlin Jing, Wei Shan, Yingyu Zhang
Systems-based approaches are significant methods for safety analysis in a complex socio-technical system, considering that the interactions of components in the system determine its attributes (Jing et al., 2020; Larsson et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2016). Systems theory holds that accidents occur when component interactions violate the behaviour of components (Larsson et al., 2010). The road traffic system can be regarded as a complex socio-technical system, which consists of drivers, vehicles, roads, and other road users (Zhang et al., 2018). Therefore, if systems theory is applied to analyse road traffic accidents, several goals of road safety can be achieved, such as reducing road traffic injury (Hughes et al., 2015). Furthermore, accident-contributing factors interact among one another (Zhang et al., 2019). However, given the complexity and nonlinearity of the system, these interactions cannot be measured, and quantitative evaluation is even difficult to implement. Therefore, new research approaches combined with systems theory must be developed to test the relationships between accident-contributing factors quantitatively (Feng et al., 2019; Hughes et al., 2015).
Road safety status during COVID-19 pandemic: exploring public and road safety expert’s opinions
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2022
Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen, Abdulkarim Almukdad, Qinaat Hussain, Mustafa Almallah, Mohammed Abdullah Al Malki, Jayaseelan Singaravelu, Susanna Zammataro
The third research question was ‘did the COVID-19 pandemic affect the attention on road safety: based on road safety experts’ opinions?’. In this regard, we found that around 70% of the experts showed agreement that the pandemic reduced the attention on road safety. This is quite logical as the government and public attention was shifted towards COVID-19-related issues. In addition, there should be high financial burdens due to the COVID-19 alleviation measures and economic crisis around the world, which could have exerted high pressures on funding at different levels including road safety. However, it is important for relevant authorities to keep balance between different issues including road safety in a more cost-effective way. In addition, this is a good time to inform the public regarding the importance of road safety to overcome the RTCs and resulted casualties. Furthermore, road traffic authorities could examine strategies that could be implemented on a temporary basis to reduce risky driving behaviours in these type of situations with lower traffic volumes. This could not only help in saving lives but also help in reducing pressure on health and other emergency services during these difficult times.
Inhalation toxicity profiles of particulate matter: a comparison between brake wear with other sources of emission
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2019
M. E. Gerlofs-Nijland, B. G. H. Bokkers, H. Sachse, J. J. E. Reijnders, M. Gustafsson, A. J. F. Boere, P. F. H. Fokkens, D. L. A. C. Leseman, K. Augsburg, F. R. Cassee
Since air pollution, and in particular road traffic emission, is associated to adverse health effects; many efforts have been taken to diminish these emissions. This has resulted in a considerable reduction of vehicle exhaust emissions in Europe in the last 20–40 years (EEA 2016). However, particulate matter (PM) from road traffic is not only derived from combustion engines, it also consists of wear emission from the road, tires, and brakes (Denier van der Gon et al. 2013; Amato et al. 2014). Moreover, the contribution of engine exhaust and non-exhaust to PM10 traffic-related emissions is approximately similar (Grigoratos and Martini 2015). Reduction in exhaust emissions will continue, for example, due to the conversion to electrification of road traffic, and thereby the relative contribution of non-exhaust emissions will become more dominant (HEI 2010). Therefore and as non-exhaust is not controlled, these wear emissions are becoming a significant source (Wahid 2018).
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