Industrial Applications
Vlado Valković in Low Energy Particle Accelerator-Based Technologies and Their Applications, 2022
The setting and development of strength of Portland cement concrete depend upon the reaction of water with various phases in the Portland cement. Nuclear resonance reaction analysis involving the 1H(15N;α,γ)12C reaction has been applied to measure the hydrogen depth profile in the few 100 nm thick surface layer that controls the early stage of the reaction. Specific topics that have been investigated include the reactivity of individual cementitious phases and the effects of accelerators and retarders (Livingston et al. 2010). The NRRA measurements are done at the 4 MeV Dynamitron tandem accelerator at the Ruhr-Universitat Bochum in Bochum, Germany. Typical particle currents at the target are about 15 nA. The 4.44 MeV γ-ray emitted in the 1H(15N;α,γ)12C reaction is observed with a ϕ12 × 12 in. NaI(Tl) crystal with (49 ± 3)% photo peak efficiency connected to a 1024 channel multichannel analyzer.
The Thymus in the Regulation and Control of Cell Growth
Nate F. Cardarelli in The Thymus in Health and Senescence, 2019
McEachern, in examining the thymus extract (Hanson) studies and other earlier work, suggested in 1943 that the thymus elaborates two antagonistic substances which in health promote homeostasis.15 One is a growth promoter and the other a growth retarder. Also, during the 1940s there were a number of discoveries that lent credence to the idea that the thymus elaborates growth promoting substances. Miller and Turner noted that the urine of human leukemia patients caused hypoplasia of the spleen and lymph nodes when injected into guinea pigs.16 Wilson and Leduc administered guinea pig liver homogenate to mice and noted mitotic stimulation in the mouse liver, showing that growth promoting agents acted across species barriers.17 A number of studies established that cells release growth promoting agents that affect both similar and nonsimilar cells and usually, though not always, will act across species.18–27 Others felt that the growth promoters were organ specific, which is often true.21 The cell fractions found to promote growth arose from the cytoplasm, especially the microsomal fraction, and not from the nucleus.22
Tin and The Aging Process
Nate F. Cardarelli in Tin as a Vital Nutrient:, 2019
The similarity to thymic hormones is easily found. One group of human thymus hormones may control (or activate) a set of genes responsible for stem cell differentiation and a second set involved in immune competence. Certainly, both thymus hormones and insect hormones from the ecdysial glands and the corpora allata affect cell differentiation and maturation. Is either insect gland the invertebrate analogy to the vertebrate thymus? In accordance with the theory of Szent-György, as previously mentioned, the human thymus synthesizes and releases growth retardants and growth promoters. The growth promoter without mediation of the retarder enhances tumor growth. Are we not seeing the same thing with ecdysone and JH in the insect? The human thymus involutes, i.e., loses function, after puberty; the corpora allata atrophies after insect adulthood.
Copper release rate needed to inhibit fouling on the west coast of Sweden and control of copper release using zinc oxide
Published in Biofouling, 2018
J. Fredrik Lindgren, Erik Ytreberg, Albin Holmqvist, Magnus Dahlström, Peter Dahl, Mattias Berglin, Anna-Lisa Wrange, Mia Dahlström
An experimental generic paint was obtained from the paint manufacturer Boero Group (www.boerogroup.com). Its formulation is based on hydrogenated rosin as binder together with an acrylate as film former and erosion retarder. It is prepared by dissolving rosin in xylene to a final concentration of 50% (w w–1) using a Cowles mixer and then adding an acrylic retarder and red pigment (Fe2O3). Then the plasticizer is added followed by the extenders, barium sulfate (BaSO4) and anhydrous talc, and then the anti-sagging agent, SiO2. Finally, the viscosity of the formulation is controlled by adding once again xylene solvent. The paint is thoroughly mixed throughout this process. The dispersion of the paint components was analyzed with a grindometer.
Targeted delivery of epirubicin to breast cancer cells using poly-aptamer DNA nanocarriers prepared by the RCA method with multiple repeats of aptamers of FOXM1 and AS1411
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Elham Moradi, TaranehSadat Zavvar, Mona Alibolandi, Mohammad Ramezani, Khalil Abnous, Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
The stepwise RCA product assembly was confirmed by the agarose gel electrophoresis technique. According to Figure 1(a), the padlock probe band was behind the primer band since it had more nucleotides than the primer. The circular DNA (incubated padlock probe with primer) band was retarder than the padlock probe and primer bands, confirming their hybridization. According to Figure 1(b), the RCA product bands moved to higher molecular weight sites compared with each previous sample; since DNA nanoparticles from the RCA were obtained in various and larger sizes.
The preparation and characterisation of tasteless core-shell clarithromycin microcapsules
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Yu Fu, Yunjing Zhu, Xue Liang, Yihan Kong, Xiaolin Wang, Anan Zhang, Zhiqing Zhao, Jingxin Gou, Yanjiao Wang, Tian Yin, Yu Zhang, Haibing He, Xing Tang
The bitter taste is produced when the taste buds react to bitter drugs dissolved in the mouth. Due to the extreme bitterness of CAM, the addition of sweeteners and flavouring agents is not able to effectively mask it. According to the difference between the mechanism and means for taste-masking, current oral solid preparation techniques could be divided into four categories: drug properties modification, bitter retarder, flavour adding, and physical barrier (Tadros 2013).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Adhesive
- Chemical Reaction
- Curing
- Drywall
- Concrete
- Aggregate