Drug-Related Muscular Pain
Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth in Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
Myositis is inflammation of voluntary muscle fibers and is associated with muscle symptoms that are similar to myalgia in addition to elevations in serum creatine kinase (CK).1 Creatine kinase originates in the myocardium and skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle accounts for around 94% of creatine kinase, and CK is a marker for muscle damage.1 Myopathy, which is sometimes used interchangeably with myositis, is a general term for disease of the muscles. It can be either acquired or inherited; inherited forms can occur at birth or have an onset later in adult life.1 There is a strong correlation between many drugs and the presence of myopathies associated with fatigue, generalized muscle pain, muscle tenderness, muscle weakness, significantly elevated CK > 10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), nocturnal cramping, and tendon pain.1
Thermography by Specialty
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead in Human Medical Thermography, 2023
Myopathy refers to disorders with muscle weakness due to dysfunction of muscle fiber. Muscle cramps, stiffness, and muscle spasms can also occur. Pain is not a typical symptom of myopathy. Upon thermal imaging, flaccid myopathies with weakness and muscle disuse appear cool over the involved muscles, while muscular cramps or “tight” myopathies will appear warm due to the heat produced by prolonged, intense muscular contraction. This heat is conducted to overlying skin where it can be viewed thermographically (Figure 11.14). White blood cells and macrophages are generally absent in non-inflammatory myopathy, thus production of NO is not a major feature. The muscular dystrophies, mitochondrial myopathies, and glycogen storage diseases are non-inflammatory myopathies.64
Anesthetic Recovery
Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed in Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Clinical signs of myopathy: Difficulty standing in recovery.Swollen firm muscle mass, generally on the dependent side.Patients generally appear painful.Red/brown urine due to myoglobinuria. Myoglobin will be released from damaged myocytes and eliminated via the kidneys.Large amounts of myoglobin can result in acute renal failure.
Statin use and safety concerns: an overview of the past, present, and the future
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2020
Rubina Mulchandani, Tanica Lyngdoh, Ashish Kumar Kakkar
Myopathy is a generic term for muscle ailments and is defined as any muscle-related problem, experienced by a statin user, according to the American Heart Association (AHA), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and American College of Cardiology (ACC) [12]. Myalgia is the term most commonly used to describe muscle-related problems and refers to pain, cramps, and stiffness in the muscle without elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels [34,35]. Although quite rare, rhabdomyolysis is the most serious form of myopathy associated with muscle damage and breakdown of muscle tissue, releasing large amount of myoglobin in the blood and myoglobinuria. The CPK enzyme levels are almost 10 times the upper limit of the normal level and may cause kidney failure. In rare conditions, hospitalization due to rhabdomyolysis may be followed by death [34,35].
A review of surgical management of progressive myogenic ptosis
Published in Orbit, 2023
Royce B. Park, Sruti S. Akella, Vinay K. Aakalu
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a slowly progressive disease involving symmetric blepharoptosis, dysphagia, and proximal muscle weakness.3 It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and its onset is insidious, typically manifesting during the fifth or sixth decade of life.3 French Canadians (Quebec), Hispanic New Mexicans, and Israeli Bukhara Jewish populations are most prevalently affected by OPMD.13 The condition is diagnosed through molecular genetic testing and manifests as a myopathy affecting skeletal muscle cells.38 The levator palpebrae superioris and pharyngeal muscles are often most severely impaired, but the disease can also involve other extraocular muscles and limb muscle groups.38 Patients will compensate for progression of ptosis with contraction of the frontalis muscle and “backward head tilt.”38 Meanwhile, the orbicularis oculi muscle and Bell’s phenomenon are fairly well-preserved in OPMD patients.3 Surgical techniques described include blepharoplasty, levator advancement, frontalis sling, and combined aponeurosis-Muller muscle advancement.12
Two cases of glutaric aciduria type II: how to differentiate from inflammatory myopathies?
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2019
Meltem Koca, Abdulsamet Erden, Berkan Armagan, Alper Sari, Fatih Yildiz, Sevim Ozdamar, Umut Kalyoncu, Omer Karadag
Here we have described two patients presented with myopathy symptoms. GAII is a rare cause of myopathy and may closely mimic inflammatory myopathies in adults. CK levels were high in both cases but it is not specific for inflammatory or noninflammatory myopathies. Although it cannot exclude inflammatory myopathies definitely, capillaroscopic findings and autoantibody negativity can be important clues to differentiate noninflammatory myopathies from PM or DM. With the working diagnosis of PM, the patient in the first case had received several immunosuppressive therapies including corticosteroids, MTX, IVIg, azathioprine and rituximab each of which has important side effects and thus his morbidity significantly increased. For the patient in case II, muscle biopsy revealed lipid storage myopathy and helped us to establish diagnosis of GAII earlier and to start proper treatment with riboflavin and carnitine. Muscle weakness that is the first symptom of myopathy, should be evaluated carefully regarding all possible etiologies.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Muscle
- Muscle Weakness
- Musculoskeletal Disorder
- Nervous System
- Neuromuscular Disease
- Muscle Cell
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Pathos
- Cramp
- Spasm