Psychopharmacology EMIs
Michael Reilly, Bangaru Raju in Extended Matching Items for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Amiloride.Frusemide.Gin.Ibuprofen.Insulin.Paracetamol.Paraldehyde.Phenylpropanolamine.Tetracycline.Warfarin.
Catalog of Herbs
James A. Duke in Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Cultivated primarily as a spice, seeds are used in preparing vermouth, benedictine, chartreuse,37 and as a flavoring in wines and perfumes. Roots are used with jumper berries in gin. Oil from the seed is used to flavor custards and bread. It is cultivated also as a fresh vegetable, or cooked and prepared like rhubarb. Leaves used to flavor fish dishes and rhubarb jams. Stems are candied and used on cakes and buns, or made into jams and jellies. Ripe fruits are used to make teas (not known to contain xanthine alkaloids). The roots and rhizomes have a pungent aromatic taste and are used commercially in medicines and confections. Roots have been used to flavor cigarette tobacco. Oil extracted from the seeds or roots (fresh roots yield 0.10 to 0.37%, dried roots, 0.35 to 1.00%), is used as an insect attractant (e.g., for Mediterranean fruit fly).
Alcohol and Sedatives
Frank Lynn Iber in Alcohol and Drug Abuse as Encountered in Office Practice, 2020
The ability to concentrate alcoholic beverages was first discovered in northern climates subject to freezing. A cider fermented to 10% alcohol content freezes by initially forming pure water crystals, raising the alcohol content of the unfrozen beverage by about twofold. This process is still employed in Canada and Northern Europe to produce “hard cider”. Although distillation was introduced by the Arabs in the fourth century, it was not widely utilized to produce concentrated alcohol until the seventeenth century in Holland, when gin was invented and widely distributed. Distillation can readily concentrate ethanol to 95% pure. Distillation is carried out on naturally fermented material. The product is commonly named after the starting material. Thus bourbon is distilled from corn, rye from rye, scotch from barley, brandy from grapes, schnapps and gin from potatoes, and so on. Alcoholic beverages are always controlled as to alcohol content, and this is indicated as either the percentage ethanol based on volume or the proof value, which is twice the percentage. Some beverages, such as beers and table wines, are sold as fermented; some, such as dessert wines (port, muscatel), have extra pure alcohol added; and some, such as gin, vodka, and whisky, are distilled.
Perception of safety and consumption of alcoholic beverages during pregnancy
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
C. O. Adiri, E. E. Asimadu, M. I. Nwafor, S. O. Nweze, C. I. Ukaegbe
Pregnant women who perceived various alcoholic beverages to be safe or not harmful had significantly higher odds of consuming these beverages during pregnancy showing a possible deficit in public health education programmes in clearly identifying these beverages as alcoholic and emphasising their danger to the unborn foetus. However, while the odds of consuming gin/spirits during pregnancy were increased amongst those who considered it not harmful, it was not statistically significant. Gin/spirits are mostly imported and costly; they may not be so as popular as cheaper traditional beverages. Public health education should highlight the dangers of both traditional alcoholic beverages as well as commercial alcoholic beverages to the foetus. This approach is more likely to reduce the consumption of traditional alcoholic beverages as well as commercial alcoholic beverages.
Baseline breath alcohol concentration in Nigerian commercial drivers and motorcyclists
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2018
Fadekemi Olufunmilayo Oginni, Richard Ayodeji Adewole, Michael Olayinka Adeyemi
Aside from the branded types, local gin (alcohol brewed locally from fermented palm wine, or sugar cane) has existed since precolonial days. It is not usually presented in its purest form, but local brewing ensures that local gin is more readily available and affordable. This form of alcohol is used in many Nigerian communities for rituals and some social events. Furthermore, it is used as a solvent for herbal preparations, some of which drivers and motorcyclists resort to for various “ailments” and challenges like body ache.
Auditory temporal processinzg in children with history of recurrent otitis media with effusion
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2022
Bahareh Khavarghazalani, Zahra Hosseini Dastgerdi, Nasrin Gohari, Soheila Khakzand
GIN performed in both groups. Individual GIN tests (approximate thresholds, A.th.) for both the groups were recorded. The OME data appears more dispersed in the OME group as well as the A.th. is longer in some children with OME than that in the control group (Figure 1).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Evidence-Based Medicine
- Medical Guideline
- Health Care
- German Agency For Quality In Medicine