An Insight into Advanced Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Biomimetic Systems in Tissue Engineering
Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan in Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
The first tissue-engineered skin products that were developed for the treatment of burns include Integra (Integra Lifesciences Corporation, USA), Epicel (Genzyme Biosurgery, USA), and TransCyte (Smith and Nephew, UK). Several products are available for chronic skin ulcer management, such as Apligraf (Organogenesis, USA), Dermagraft (Smith and Nephew, UK and Advanced Tissue Sciences, USA), EpiDex (Euroderm, Germany), Epibase (Laboratories Genévrier, France), and BioSeed-S (BioTissue Technologies, Germany). The tissue-engineered products are also commercially available for cosmetic surgery applications such as BioSeed-M and MelanoSeed (BioTissue Technologies AG, Germany) (Law et al., 2017). Several stem cell engineered products are currently in development and are being tested in clinical and preclinical trials (Wang et al., 2017). Nanoparticles (NP) are solid colloidal particles, and their size range is 10–200 nm. Their small size provides a high surface to volume ratio, one of their most attractive intrinsic properties (Acharya and Sahoo, 2011). Due to their size and surface properties, NPs can be exploited as theranostic agents, drug delivery systems, genetic material, and growth factors. NPs used in biomedicine must be biocompatible, and the stability of nanocarriers in biological media is crucial when formulating nanomedicines (Figure 1.1).
The Definition of TM
Goh Cheng Soon, Gerard Bodeker, Kishan Kariippanon in Healthy Ageing in Asia, 2022
The Department of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Ministry of Health Turkey, has indicated that T&CM is the practice in Turkey and carries almost the same definition of TM by the WHO to protect the physical and mental health (Ministry of Health Turkey, 2020). In accordance with the Regulation on Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practices, the officially listed 15 T&CM practices include acupuncture, apitherapy, phytotherapy, hypnosis, leech therapy (hirudotherapy), homoeopathy, chiropractic, cupping therapy, maggot therapy, mesotherapy, prolotherapy, osteopathy, ozone therapy, reflexology and music therapy (Ministry of Health Turkey, 2016). The usage of T&CM has been under the influence by social, cultural, religion and economic factors as well as traditional structures of societies (Kavadar et al., 2019). 83.5% of the population believed in T&CM, and herbal therapy is the main preference (Ozer, Santaş and Yildirim, 2012).
Myiasis (Invasion of Human Tissues by Fly Larvae)
Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard in The Goddard Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, Seventh Edition, 2019
Physicians occasionally utilize fly maggots (primarily blow fly larvae) for the debridement of wounds and ulcers both in the United States and internationally.10–12 Historically, maggot therapy was commonly used in medicine until the advent of antibiotics in the 1940s, but lately the practice is increasingly being used again, especially in cases where antibiotics are ineffective or surgery is not possible.11 When raised on sterile media and properly handled, blow fly maggots are capable of debriding a wound without spreading further infection or feeding on living tissues. The most commonly used species of larvae for maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is Lucilia sericata in the family Calliphoridae.13,14 These sterile, live, medical-grade “biosurgery” maggots can be applied using a special “maggot cage” dressing that confines larvae to the wound site and prevents escape. The maggots are able to dissolve necrotic tissue and bacterial biofilms.15 Their excretions kill bacteria, dissolve old tissue, and stimulate generation of granulation tissue—a type of new, healthy tissue that forms in healing wounds.16 Once the maggots have been applied (dosing range for maggots per square centimeter varies from 4–10 maggots depending on healthcare provider and maggot type being used). Once they are sealed against the wound with dressings, they must be checked every 2–4 hours to ensure that the outer dressing is dry, the seal is strong, and that there are no openings from which the maggots can escape. Maggots can be left in the wound until the area has been debrided. Once necrotic tissue has been dissolved and ingested, the maggots will cease feeding, leaving only healthy tissue; they are not intended to harm the patient. After treatment is completed, the maggots can be disposed of with normal medical waste after flushing the wound thoroughly with sterile fluid to remove any residual maggots or excretions. Besides chronic wounds, MDT can be used for patients with malignant wounds, venous wounds, and burns.15 MDT may also be prescribed for patients whose condition is not stable enough to undergo surgical debridement. Patients with rapidly advancing infections or a deteriorating condition should not undergo MDT. The entire treatment can take anywhere from 4 days to several weeks to completely debride a wound, depending on the extent of the injury. Wounds must be open to the outside of the body, not completely dry, not near major blood vessels, and cannot include bone or tendon tissues.
Epidural multi-slitted microporous non-absorbable patch in decompressive craniectomy to facilitate cranioplasty: a preliminary study
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2018
Sui-To Wong, Wan-Nok Ho, Zhexi He, Kwong-Yui Yam
Concerning the use of synthetic absorbable patches, 2 reports have been published (Table 3). Oladunjoye et al used a gelatin film barrier (Gelfilm, Pfizer) placed epidurally in 62 patients during craniectomy.9 All patient underwent cranioplasty between 19 and 262 days (mean 54 days) after craniectomy. The post-craniectomy wound infection rate and post-cranioplasty wound infection rate were both 6.5%. Eight patients developed extra-axial fluid collections after cranioplasty; all were managed conservatively. Mumert et al used another synthetic absorbable patches – a chemically modified sodium hyaluronate plus carboxymethylcellulose sheet (Seprafilm, Genzyme Biosurgery).8 However, they described its use in only 3 patients, and cranioplasty was done shortly after craniectomy in 2 patients - 10 days, and 5 weeks respectively.
Fluoroless endourological surgery for high burden renal and proximal ureteric stones: A safe technique for experienced surgeons
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2021
Elias M. Ayoub, Ali Bourgi, Josee Alsouki, Sleiman Merhej, Pierre Conort
When a high stone burden is confirmed, after an attempt at lasering, it is decided whether the mini-PCNL approach should be implemented, as explained to the patient before the procedure. In these cases, preoperative CT was suspicious of this situation and the patient was installed in a GMSV position. Percutaneous access is performed under double simultaneous control: ultrasonography (US) and retrograde fURS. US can detect the fURS tip moving in the ideal calyx to be punctured. When the needle is introduced under US-guidance, the fURS is monitored during all the different steps, from needle insertion to the 16-F mini-PCNL sheath introduction in the calyx. A wire (Sensor; Boston Scientific) is introduced percutaneously, retrieved with the fURS down to the bladder using a tipless basket as a grasper. Successive dilatations are then performed over the guidewire under fURS control. The mini-nephroscope (Karl-Storz Endoskope) is then introduced to complete stone fragmentation and extraction. The aim is to remove all fragments of >1 mm. The fURS is used to review all the calyces and check the stone-free status. The mini-nephroscope ensures the position of a 7-F ureteric catheter introduced in the Flexor sheath and fixed to a Foley catheter for few hours. The mini-nephroscope is retrieved just behind the papilla and a haemostatic matrix (Floseal™, Baxter BioSurgery, Vienna, Austria) is used to close the percutaneous tract.
Efficacy of Polytetrafluoroethylene/Polylactide-co-glycolide (PTFE/PLGA) Laminate and PTFE/PLGA Laminate Containing Slow-Releasing Thalidomide in Delayed Adjustable Strabismus Surgery in a Rabbit Model
Published in Current Eye Research, 2019
Sang Beom Han, Joo Hoon Kim, Hee Kyung Yang, Jeong-Min Hwang
For facilitation of delayed adjustment by reducing adhesions, various methods have been attempted as follows: (1) implantation of physical barriers including silicone,11 viscoelastics,15 polyglactin 910 mesh,16 oxidized regenerated cellulose compound (InterceedTC7;Johnson & Johnson Medical, Arlington, TX, USA),16 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA),13,17,18 or bioresorbable film (SurgiWrap; MacroPore Biosurgery, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA)14; (2) application of antiproliferative agents such as mitomycin C19 or 5-fluorouracil20,21; (3) combinations of physical barriers and antiproliferative agents.12,13,18,20–22
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