Telescopes for Inner Space: Fiber Optics and Endoscopes
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman in Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
One of many complications in developing the Trauma Pod is the disconnect between present surgical robots, which are meant to be used in a hospital operating room rather than a Humvee in a hostile battlefield located in hot, humid, or sandy environments, with only gasoline-powered generators to provide electricity. Also, hospital surgical robots are designed for minimally invasive surgery – not repairing traumatic injuries. Another issue is the time delay between sending signals between the physician and the Trauma Pod, a quantity called the latency. If this time is too long, surgeons cannot effectively control the robotic surgical tools. However, this time is fixed by the basic physics of the time required for light and radio waves to travel between the Trauma Pod and the remote hospital. If satellites are used to bounce signals from the doctor to the Trauma Pod, these delays can be as long as a half-second or more – too long for effective remote control. Scientists are developing ways to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to convey these signals from lower altitudes, reducing the signal's travel time to acceptable values.
The Future of Biosecurity Surveillance
Kezia Barker, Robert A. Francis in Routledge Handbook of Biosecurity and Invasive Species, 2021
Unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as UAVs or drones, may improve data capture for more specific surveillance. These platforms are portable and easy to manoeuvre and can be fitted with a wide variety of sensors that can detect signals across visible and non-visible spectra for a relatively low cost compared to satellite surveys (Hollings et al., 2018). Unlike satellites they can sample at very close range but without the direct contact involved in ground surveys. This means that the potential for spread of contaminants from infested sites is reduced, as well as making surveys safer for researchers who do not need to navigate unfavourable terrain. Image capture from UAVs could also be supplemented by ground-based cameras or drones, to add complimentary near-scale or under-leaf data (Shi et al., 2016). UAV technology, while yet to reach its full potential, has been the subject of intense interest around the world, which has led to a rapid expansion in experimentation and use. Further research is needed to investigate the most accurate and efficient ways to conduct biosecurity surveillance surveys with these platforms (Baxter and Hamilton, 2018). While individual trials are currently being carried out for detection of a variety of pest species, there is yet to be a coherent understanding of the utility of this technology in many areas.
Application of 5G/6G Smart Systems to Overcome Pandemic and Disaster Situations
Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Shruti Jain, Meenakshi Sood in Computational Intelligence and Data Sciences, 2022
Here the conversion from “connected things” to “connected intelligence” takes place. On the other hand, IoT is converted to IoE. In 6G, there are few additional requirements such as AI-integrated communication, tactile Internet, high energy efficiency, enhanced data security and low backhaul and access network congestion. 6G technology is applicable to not only smart vehicles, but also unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) [21]. In 6G, battery lifetime will be longer and the procedure of charging the battery will be in wireless mode. Hence, we hope that the process of electricity will be in wireless mode and the environment will be totally wireless (Figure 9.9). In 6G mobile communication, the industrial revolution will be upgraded, which means the control techniques with automation function should be present in Industry 4.0. For the control techniques, the latency should be 0.1 ms and the reliability should be 1–10−9. For automation function in the industrial event and for the maintenance of system stability, the delay jitter is the new item proposed in 6G. In 6G mobile communication, there are various visions such as wireless brain–computer interaction, fully autonomous vehicles, connected robotics, integrated smart city and different realities (augmented reality, extended reality, machine reality and virtual reality). The functionalities of IoT are increased, which include sensing, data collection, analysis and storage. Multiple mobile system technologies form the 6G technology.
Remote Scene Size-up Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in a Simulated Mass Casualty Incident
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2019
Aaron K. Sibley, Trevor N. Jain, Michael Butler, Brent Nicholson, David Sibley, Dan Smith, Paul Atkinson
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as “drones”, are remotely piloted aircrafts with rapidly evolving technology and increasing accessibility. They are easily transported, swiftly deployed, and they possess the ability to enhance the situational awareness of an IC during a disaster or MCI (3–6). UAV technology provides specific advantages that may complement traditional scene size-up procedures. For instance, UAVs could potentially be deployed in advance of, or simultaneous to emergency crews, reaching the scene ahead of traditional vehicles (7–9). They can help detect hazards and access locations that are unapproachable or unsafe for emergency responders, including fires, or Chemical, Biological Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) events (3, 4, 6, 10–12). UAVs can rapidly search large areas and use infrared cameras to discover lost or injured victims (5, 13). Additionally, they can deliver blood products and medical devices to assist in self-rescue or self-first-aid (3, 14–16). Finally, with continuous “bird’s eye” video, ICs could track the real-time movement of vehicles, personnel, and patients, while maintaining an early danger warning capability (3).
Identification of Swimmers in Distress Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Experience at the Mont-Tremblant IRONMAN Triathlon
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2020
Valerie Homier, François de Champlain, Michael Nolan, Richard Fleet
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as drones, are remotely piloted aircraft initially used in the military and increasingly used in industry and the public sector (1–4). Emerging UAV applications in medicine include provision of disaster assessments in areas where access is severely restricted, and delivery of aid packages (medicines, vaccines, blood, medical supplies, etc.) to remote areas (5–7). The potential of UAVs to provide rapid access to automated external defibrillators for cardiac arrest patients is being explored in Canada and several European countries (8–13). One arena where application of UAV technology has not been well studied is outdoor sporting events such as triathlons and extreme wilderness competitions. Millions of individuals participate in these events annually, and medical emergencies can occur (14, 15). Use of UAVs could help identify athletes showing early signs of distress and improve the timeliness of emergency care.
Combining Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, and Internet Protocol Cameras to Reconstruct 3-D Disaster Scenes During Rescue Operations
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2019
Chia-Chang Chuang, Jiann-Yeou Rau, Meng-Kuan Lai, Chung-Liang Shih
UAVs could enhance the real-time scene-size-up visual feedback from paramedics in chaotic or inaccessible events and could improve the capability of scene hazards identification, enhance higher triage score accuracy, and dispatch victims to designated locations efficiently during simulated MCIs (8). Furthermore, UAVs could assist rescue team in searching for lost or injured victims in collapsed buildings or in large affected areas at a short time by using thermal infrared cameras, it could also provide better night-vision discrimination for most disaster occurring in dark, poor-sighted situations. A fixed-wing, rather than the multi-rotor UAV, should be considered in large-scale disaster area such as mountain landslides or flooding, because a fast mapping is required for quick browsing and filtering of the affected area.
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