Animal Models for Studying Soft Tissue Biocompatibility of Biomaterials
Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman in Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research, 2020
The implants also have to cleaned carefully after their preparation. Any foreign material (chemical matter, debris, etc.) left can alter the tissue response. For polymeric materials a good post-preparation cleansing procedure is first washing in 10% Liquinox solution (Alconox Inc.). Thereafter, the specimens have to be rinsed, cleaned ultrasonically for 30 minutes in a 1% Liquinox solution and given two 15 minute ultrasonic rinses in distilled, deionized water. Subsequently, they have to be given a Soxhlet rinse for 12 hours in distilled, deionized water. Finally, the substrata can be air-dried and sterilized. A sterilization process has to be used that does not change the polymer. For metallic implants, ultrasonic cleaning in 100% ethanol to remove any loose particles, is mostly sufficient. Again, the sterilization procedure has to be selected carefully, since sterilization is not always as clean as supposed.30 Also the packaging of the specimens after sterilization is important. Especially, in case of rough materials, particles of the wrapping material can stick and be maintained on the specimen surface.
Degradation of dental implant systems after immersion in therapeutic gels
R.M. Natal Jorge, J.C. Reis Campos, Mário A.P. Vaz, Sónia M. Santos, João Manuel R.S. Tavares in Biodental Engineering IV, 2017
After preparation, samples were divided into two groups, for all samples, an area has been selected (0.8 × 0.8) mm at the level of critical abutment region and implant considering the interaction of substances. The delimited area was analyzed after contact with the solutions according to the specifications suggested in the literature (Ungvári et al., 2010) for chemical disinfection. A group of samples was immersed in 2% chlorhexidine gel for 4 min (group CG) and another one (group CAG) was immersed in 1% citric acid for 2 min. After ultrasonic cleaning, the surfaces were analyzed again by profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Seeing with Sound: Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman in Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Ultrasound waves are generated in many commonly used consumer appliances, including ultrasonic cleaning baths, cool mist humidifiers, and antipest devices. Although humans cannot hear ultrasound, many animals can hear into the ultrasound regime. Ultrasound is absorbed more strongly in air than ordinary sound, so that rodents using ultrasonic squeaks to communicate with their fellows nearby in a burrow may be undetected by more distant predators. Most notably, bats use ultrasound ranging systems with typical frequencies of tens of kilohertz to hunt for insects and to avoid obstacles as they fly in the dark.
Effect of early whole lung lavage at different time-points for promoting the removal of depleted uranium from the lung
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Weilin Fu, Yao Xiao, Feng Zeng, Xiangyu Chen, Yong Zhu, Zhu Tian, Yi Liang, Rong Li, Minghua Liu
Ultrasonic cleaning technology involves the use of ultrasonic cavitation to remove dirt from object surfaces. It involves rapid and efficient cleaning, is particularly effective for cleaning blind cavities and various geometric objects (Yang and Li 2015), and is widely used in the irrigation of root canals and wounds in the clinic (Konno et al. 2017; Li et al. 2018). In view of the lack of incomplete clearance of radionuclides in the lungs via WLL, our team has invented a feasible, three-lumen bronchial intubation for ultrasonic lung lavage (patent no. ZL201922363247.0). The specific design was as follows: by setting an ultrasonic generator between the liquid outlet and the lower end of the injection port, the cavitation of the ultrasonic wave was used to impact and peel off foreign bodies attached to the inner wall of the alveoli to achieve the purpose of cleaning. Two accessory occluder sacs were set up to ensure that the lungs were completely isolated and did not affect each other; even if leakage occurred, lavage fluid could be discharged from the drain catheter between two suboccluder sacs without affecting the opposite side. In future, we will perform an in-depth study to improve the method of WLL, as well as the binding capacity of the lavage fluid.
Bio-efficacy of ultrasound exposure against immature stages of common house mosquitoes under laboratory conditions
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Mohammad Sistanizadeh-Aghdam, Mohammad Reza Abai, Mansoureh Shayeghi, Amir Hossein Mahvi, Ahmad Raeisi
An ultrasonic cleaning bath (ELMA® Type TI-H-5 MF2; Elma Electronics, Wetzikon, Switzerland) with a dual frequency (35 kHz/130 kHz), an adjustable timer (from 0.5 to 15 min), and a selectable sweep function was used in this study. The maximum tank volume was 4.7 L (dimensions: 240 × 130 × 150 mm). In total, 25 larvae were released using a strainer in 400-ml disposable cups containing 250-ml chlorine-free tap water followed by recommended protocol of World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO 2005). The immature specimens of Cx. pipiens were exposed to different regimens of sonication (combinations of power, frequency, temperature, and time) inside the cleaning bath containing 3.7 L of tap water as the working liquid. All samples were sonicated for 0.5–15 min at two frequencies of 35 and 130 kHz, four powers of 10, 15, 20, and 25 W, and three temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C). Different instar larvae, pupae, and batches of eggs were exposed to different regimens of ultrasonic irradiation ranging from 10 to 25 W in 250 ml distilled water. The experiments were conducted at 28.0 ± 1 °C with 55.0 ± 10% relative humidity.
Antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of curcumin-chitosan nanocomplexes and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on Achromobacter, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas isolates
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Edeer Iván Montoya-Hinojosa, Humberto Antonio Salazar-Sesatty, Cynthia A. Alvizo-Baez, Luis D. Terrazas-Armendariz, Itza E. Luna-Cruz, Juan M. Alcocer-González, Licet Villarreal-Treviño, Samantha Flores-Treviño
The antimicrobial activity of Cur-Chi-TPP-MNP on A. xylosoxidans, B. cepacia, and S. maltophilia in their biofilm state was evaluated by broth microdilution on a 96-well Calgary device (MEBC, Innovotech, AB, Canada). Biofilm-producing isolates were first cultured in blood agar for 24 h at 37°C, a 1.0 McFarland standard inoculum was prepared and 100 µL of a 1:150 dilution were transferred to the wells of the Calgary plate. The plate was then incubated for 24 h at 37°C with constant agitation to promote biofilm formation on the pegs of the lid. The pegs were washed three times with sterile PBS (pH 7.3) and the lid with the pegs was transferred to a new sterile microdilution round-bottom plate. This plate was previously prepared and contained 100 µL of serial dilutions in Mueller-Hinton broth of the following: Cur-Chi-TPP-MNP (0.058 − 300 μg/mL), Chi-TPP-MNP (0.0019 − 1 μg/mL), Chi-TPP (0.0019 − 1 μg/mL), Cur (0.058 − 300 μg/mL), MNP (1:0.98 − 1:500), or TPP (0.0008 − 0.43 mg/mL) alone, or with the addition of a single concentration of TMP-SXT, which is the borderline concentration considered as susceptible by the CLSI and EUCAST for A. xylosoxidans (0.06/11.8 μg/mL), A. xylosoxidans and B. cepacia and S. maltophilia (2/38 μg/mL). The microplate was incubated for 24 h at 37°C. After washing, the microplate was sonicated on the Ultrasonic Cleaning Bath (Branson Bransonic M Mechanical Bath 5800, Emerson, United States) for 5 min to 40 kHz and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The turbidity was then observed to determine the Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC), which is the lowest concentration preventing visible growth in the recovery medium collecting the biofilm sample. Assays were performed in triplicate.
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