Titania Nanotubes as Silver Nanoparticle Carriers to Prevent Implant-Associated Infection
Huiliang Cao in Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Devices, 2017
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in the orthopedic and dental fields because of their good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility (Chu et al. 2002; Geetha et al. 2009; Liu et al. 2004). However, implant-associated infection remains one of the most prevalent and catastrophic postoperative complications (Zhao et al. 2009). Although the infection rate has been reduced to less than 5% on account of more thorough disinfection, strict aseptic surgical protocols and intraoperative systemic prophylactic treatment (Lee and Murphy 2013), the total number of people infected continues to increase because of growing medical demand for prosthetic replacements by the increasing aging population and prevalence of joint degenerative and periodontal diseases (Kurtz et al. 2012). Exogenously virulent bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and endogenously low-virulent ones such as coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) may serve as pathogens. The infection is mainly ascribed to bacteria adhesion, colonisation and finally formation of biofilms on the implant surface. Accurate diagnosis of the infection is sophisticated and time consuming, and it is difficult to treat such infection because bacteria in the biofilms are highly resistant to antibiotics (Mah and O’Toole 2001). Usually, extraction of the contaminated implant is the only viable option to eliminate the infection.
Biomechanics of Surgical Intervention Associated with Early-Onset Scoliosis
Alaaeldin (Alaa) Azmi Ahmad, Aakash Agarwal in Early-Onset Scoliosis, 2021
Most cases of metallosis have been observed during necessary procedures for other clinical reasons. The voluntary nature of such reporting also presents a challenge against excluding infrequently reported complications, such as necrosis, which although is present in all cases (off-axis loading and wear), has only been reported 10 times in total [49]. A previous study concluded that 91% of the MAGEC rods showed measurable wear of the extending bar toward the magnet end [50]. This is similar to the result of other studies where MAGEC presented with metallosis, pseudo-capsule surrounding the actuator, and abrasive circumferential markings around the rod [51]. They also showed a significant amount of metal debris when the actuators were carefully cut open. Analytical studies demonstrated metal fragments of predominantly titanium with a mean particle size of 3.36 microns. Similarly, during revisional surgery with guided-growth systems, signs of implant wear and metallosis were observed at the location of the unconstrained interfaces [52]. In sum, the histological evaluation confirmed chronic inflammation with encapsulated foreign body granules. Although not much research has been done on reducing metallosis, few technical controls, such as ceramic coating at wear-generating surfaces, has been suggested [49].
Reduction and Fixation of Sacroiliac joint Dislocation by the Combined Use of S1 Pedicle Screws and an Iliac Rod
Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Michael J. Yaszemski, Augustus A. White in Advances in Spinal Fusion, 2003
implants are favorable [21]. In vitro, osteoblasts have been demonstrated to grow faster on titanium alloy (Ti-6A1-4V) than on cobalt-chrome alloy or stainless steel [31], and the biocompatibility of titanium has been described as superior to that of cobalt-chrome and stainless steel [32]. However, in most studies of the biocompatibility of titanium, commercially pure (c.p.) titanium has been used. C.p. titanium is routinely used for oral implants and show clearly better results in the long-term perspective than HA-coated implants [33]. Due to the limited strength of c.p. titanium, it is not used for pedicle screw instrumentations. Instead, titanium alloys are used, mostly Ti-6A1-4V. There is no data backing up the concept that titanium alloy is as well accepted in bone as is c.p. titanium [34]. HA coating adheres stronger to a titanium than to a cobalt-chrome substrate [35]. However, HA coatings of titanium and cobalt-chrome implants have been examined in an experimental study. Both mechanically and histologically, the HA-coated cobalt-chrome implants performed in a similar manner to the HA-coated titanium implants [36]. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
TiO2 nanotubes regulate histone acetylation through F-actin to induce the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Yanchang Liu, Zhicheng Tong, Chen Wang, Runzhi Xia, Huiwu Li, Haoran Yu, Juehua Jing, Wendan Cheng
Osseointegration refers to the orderly structure and functional connection between the surface of the implant and the host bone [1]. After implantation, good osseointegration at the interface is the basis of long-term stability of the prosthesis and the key to the success of the implantation [2]. At present, TiO2 nanotubes have become one of the most commonly used modification techniques for prosthesis and bone defect implants due to their good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and chemical stability [3]. On the one hand, titanium is used as a metal material to maintain a good balance between mechanical properties and corrosion resistance [4]. On the other hand, the unique surface porosity and substrate stiffness of TiO2 nanotubes have significant effects on cell adhesion, survival, differentiation and growth [5]. For example, the new studies shows that as the diameter of the TiO2 nanotube increases, the integration effect of the prosthesis and the host bone will be better. However, a excessive diameter will reduce the adhesion ability of cells [6,7]. The dense arrangement of nanotubes promotes the spreading and mineralization of osteoblasts on the surface, resulting in producing new bone faster [8]. The microstructure of TiO2 nanotubes can be accurately controlled by adjusting the parameters of electrolyte composition, voltage and oxidation time in electrochemical anodic oxidation [9]. Such TiO2 nanotubes morphology can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiate into osteoblasts and promote bone tissue formation, but the specific regulatory mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.
Proteome analysis of the salivary pellicle formed on titanium alloys containing niobium and zirconium
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Heloisa Navarro Pantaroto, Karina Pintaudi Amorim, Jairo Matozinho Cordeiro, João Gabriel S. Souza, Antônio Pedro Ricomini-Filho, Elidiane C. Rangel, Ana Lúcia R. Ribeiro, Luís Geraldo Vaz, Valentim A.R. Barão
Considering the constant development of biomaterials, it is crucial to evaluate protein adsorption on new materials in comparison with consolidated materials. Titanium (Ti) is a consolidated material that has been used for the manufacture of dental implants due primarily to its good biocompatibility and biological acceptance by bone (Gonçalves et al. 2018). Despite that, Ti alloys have been suggested as an alternative to Ti owing to their improved mechanical, biocompatibility and osseointegration ability which allow for broad clinical applications (Cordeiro and Barão 2017). In this context, the Ti6Al4V alloy has been used when higher mechanical resistance is required (Hacisalihoglu et al. 2015). Nevertheless, the use of this alloy has been discouraged due to the release of aluminium (Al) and vanadium (V) ions in the peri-implant area, which could compromise tissue health (Kaufman et al. 2008).
Metal nanoparticles as a promising technology in targeted cancer treatment
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Jia-Jie Xu, Wan-Chen Zhang, Ya-Wen Guo, Xiao-Yi Chen, You-Ni Zhang
Natural forms of titanium dioxide include the inert minerals, anatase, brookite, and rutile, all of which occur in varying degrees of abundance. There are a lot of approaches to synthesize titanium dioxide NPs, including physical and chemical. These methods of nanomaterial synthesis have some shortcomings, including cost, low biocompatibility, and several secondary toxicities, as well as substantial environmental biosafety problems. As far as NP synthesis is concerned, biogenesis has been suggested. The biogenesis of titanium dioxide NPs uses a variety of organisms, including bacteria, algae, fungi, and plant materials. Biogenic titanium dioxide NPs have a unique size, shape, and biochemical functional corona that allows them to execute therapeutic effects at the molecular level, such as anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, larvicidal, and photocatalysis (Ikram et al., 2021). The use of titanium dioxide NPs in photothermal therapy for a melanoma cancer model was described by Muhammad et al. In the in vivo model, the average tumor size in the mice getting titanium dioxide-PEG NPs with laser excitation treatment decreased significantly compared to the mice receiving laser therapy alone (Behnam et al., 2018).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Color
- Corrosion
- Density
- Oxide
- Photocatalysis
- Titanium Dioxide
- Titanium Tetrachloride
- Aqua Regia
- Chlorine
- Kroll Process