Other Applications of Glycerine
Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag in Glycerine, 2018
Aliphatic solvents may be used when the alkyd ratio is reduced to about 40. Resins of this type may be applied by roller coating or spraying. Applications are in air-drying pigmented enamels, metal coating, auto and truck refinishing, general maintenance paints, and outdoor sign painting. Where the alkyl ratio is about 30, the viscosity is still lower and enamels made with these resins can be brushed. The main uses are architectural finishes, such as trim and trellis paints and where coatings of high flexibility are needed. A good example is in tubes used for holding flexible materials. During World War II, many marine finishes were formulated with this type of resin. Glyceryl phthalate resins frequently are formulated with other types of synthetic resins and film-forming materials. Alkyds are also used to improve the flexibility, adhesion, toughness, and other properties of urea-formaldyhyde resins and melamine formaldehyde resins. Color, mar resistance, hardness, and baking cycles are among the characteristics improved by such combinations. Paint technologists agree that no other film-forming materials complement the qualities of amino resins as do the alkyds.
Organic Chemicals
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel in Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
Thermosetting materials are curable plastics consisting of phenols (cresol or resorcinol), formaldehydes, urea, and melamines. Synthetic resins are materials used in the production of plastics (in an unshaped state as powders or liquids) and their precursors. During fabrication, chemical reactions take place under the influence of initiators (curing agents) or by application of heat, and these reactions produce huge spatially cross-linked molecules through interlinking (Figure 5.6).
Rehabilitation
Jan de Boer, Marcel Dubouloz in Handbook of Disaster Medicine, 2020
It was therefore necessary to eschew traditional materials and import synthetic resins which make light, robust prostheses. The problem with these resins is that they do not keep well in tropical conditions and a regular supply must be kept up to ensure continuity in production.
Optimum isotherm by linear and nonlinear regression methods for lead (II) ions adsorption from aqueous solutions using synthesized coconut shell–activated carbon (SCSAC)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Onyedikachi Godwin Okpara, Osareme Mercy Ogbeide, Ozoemena Christain Ike, Kosoluchi Chisom Menechukwu, Eric Chidozie Ejike
On the other hand, the choice of introducing urea reagent allows the formation of highly porous polymeric adsorbents with rich nitrogen functionalities, stability, selectivity to eliminate different pollutants and specific surface area similar to that of the classical activated carbon 800–1500 m2g−1 (Dettmer-Wilde and Engewald 2014). Urea is nitrogenous product of protein metabolism, it is soluble in water, ethanol and very hydroscopic (Dimin et al. 2014). It is an important chemical needed in agricultural and polymer industries; used for preparing formaldehyde-urea resin (plastics), barbiturates, and fertilizers (Ibrahim 2012). Urea usually coordinates as a monodentate ligand through the oxygen atom (Keuleers et al.2000, Ibrahim 2012) and possesses two types of potential donor atoms; the carbonyl oxygen and amide nitrogens through which coordination occur (Patrick 2017) as it forms synthetic resins. This resin as viscous substance usually convertible into polymer for protective benefits, it has function of agglutination, not only binding itself together, but to other polymer material together firmly (Usuki 2018). Therefore, we used urea-immobilized polysiloxane (tetraethoxysilane and 3-chloropropyltriethoxsilane) compounds to synthesize coconut shell–activated carbon (CSAC) as material for water purification to adsorb Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution.
FOXP3 infiltrating lymphocyte density and PD-L1 expression in operable non-small cell lung carcinoma
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2019
Alexandra Giatromanolaki, Alison H. Banham, Adrian L. Harris, Michael I. Koukourakis
Immunohistochemistry was performed on 3 μm thick formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The slides were then deparaffinized using xylene and rehydrated through graded ethanol solutions to water. A microwave oven was used for antigen retrieval, using Dako EnVision FLEX Target Retrieval Solution (pH 6,0). Slides were incubated thrice at 97 °C for 5 min. A polymer detection method was employed using the UltraVision Quanto Detection System (ThermoFisher Scientific). Nonspecific background staining was blocked by preincubation with UltraVision Protein Block. Before incubation with the primary antibodies. The rabbit monoclonal PD-L1 antibody (clone CAL10, Biocare Medical, CA, USA) was used at a dilution of 1:100 and 60 min incubation at room temperature. For FOXP3+ Treg detection, we used ‘in house’ undiluted hybridoma supernatant from the well validated murine monoclonal antibody 236A/E7 that is widely used for FOXP3 detection in routinely fixed tissues.[8] Afterwards, tissue sections were washed in buffer for 2 × 6 min. The UltraVision Hydrogen Peroxide Block was applied for 10 min, to neutralize endogenous peroxide activity. The slides were washed with buffer 2 × 6 min and then incubated with Primary Antibody Amplifier Quanto for 10 min, which is suitable for both mouse and rabbit primary antibodies. After 2 × 6 min buffer washing, HRP Polymer Quanto was applied, and the slides were incubated for another 10 min. Thorough buffer washing was performed (3 × 6 min) and tissue sections were incubated with DAB Quanto Chromogen for 6 min. Slides were washed in buffer, counterstained with hematoxylin QS (Vector H-3404), dehydrated through graded ethanol solutions as well as xylene, and mounted in synthetic resin.
Morphologic characterization of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery: a direct anatomic study
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
L.E. Ballesteros, P.L. Forero, H.Y. Estupiñan
Each cadaveric specimen was subjected to bilateral channeling of the proximal segments of the vertebral arteries; through these vessels, it was performed a lavage and pre-setting of the brain with formaldehyde 3%. Thereafter, the vertebral arteries were injected with 100cc of semi-synthetic resin (a mixture of Palatal E210® BASF 80 cc and Styrene 20 cc) dyed with mineral red. After 30 minutes, once obtained the resin polymerization, the exeresis of the encephalon was performed. Then, the anatomical pieces were subjected to a formaldehyde 10% fixation for 15 days.