Treatment of skin with antioxidants
Roger L. McMullen in Antioxidants and the Skin, 2018
The third group of carriers is lipid particle systems and consists of lipid microparticles and lipid nanoparticles. Lipid microparticles are created by a process known as microencapsulation where a small solid or liquid droplet is surrounded with a thin layer of shell. Lipid nanoparticles are further categorized as solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured carriers. Solid lipid nanoparticles consist of a lipid system in the solid state at room temperature with a thin surfactant coating on the outside as a stabilizer. Nanostructured lipid carriers, on the other hand, are more complex and contain lipids both in the solid and fluid phase. Table 8.11 contains a list of potential carrier systems for antioxidant delivery to skin with a summary of studies and observed effects. Typically, such systems can increase the stability of antioxidants and their permeation efficacy to skin as well as reduce irritation. The reader is referred to the review by Pol and Patravale for a nice introduction to the subject.310
Exploring Potential of Nanocarriers for Therapy of Mycotic Keratitis
Mahendra Rai, Marcelo Luís Occhiutto in Mycotic Keratitis, 2019
Solid lipid nanoparticles are first generation lipid carriers in which the drug is entrapped within a solid lipid core matrix composed of triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, fatty acids, steroids, waxes, etc. (Bseiso et al. 2015). Since the mobility of the entrapped drug is lower in the solid lipid, they propose the possibility of a controlled drug delivery, but with the disadvantage of low drug loading capacity possibly because of chances of drug explosion during storage (Muller et al. 2002). Solid lipid nanoparticles of voriconazole were prepared with an aim to improve its availability at the intraocular level and also attain a sustained release dosage form which could be used as a promising alternative therapy for mycotic infections of eye (Khare et al. 2016, Füredi et al. 2017). Further, they have been fruitfully prepared for including antifungal drugs like clotrimazole (Souto and Muller 2007), itraconazole (Mukherjee et al. 2009), miconazole (Bhalekar et al. 2009), ketoconazole (Souto and Muller 2005), econazole (Sanna et al. 2007); but either for different route of administration or for ocular diseases other than ophthalmic fungal infections. All of the reported formulations in the literature have shown to enhance bioavailability inspite of drug loading difficulties.
Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Medicine: Trends in Myocardial Infarction Therapy
Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan in Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Solid lipid nanoparticles combine the advantages of colloidal liposome or nano-emulsion systems with polymeric nanoparticles. Generally, solid lipid nanoparticles have superior biocompatibility and biodegradability; can be synthesised without the use of organic solvents that may otherwise damage payloads; have high physical stability, thereby allowing for ease of sterilisation and storage; can control drug release and targeting; can encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs; and they can be manufactured in large scale. Solid lipid nanoparticles are widely used to improve hydrophobic drug delivery to target cells, either through passive mechanisms dependent on the tissue microenvironment, through active mechanisms promoted by the use of surface modification of solid lipid nanoparticles, or via codelivery mechanisms. A popularised modification of solid lipid nanoparticles is PEGylation to facilitate improved circulation time and reduced immune recognition, often resulting in improved bioactivity of loaded drugs in vivo and improved MI therapy (Zhang et al. 2016; Guo et al. 2019). In addition, PEGylation provides an additional modification site (also known as a PEG linker) to further functionalise the nanoparticles.
Is there a role for inhaled anti-inflammatory drugs in cystic fibrosis treatment?
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2018
Zara Sheikh, Hui Xin Ong, Michele Pozzoli, Paul M Young, Daniela Traini
The introduction of PulmoSphereTM technology using disteraoyl-phosphatidylcholine has opened up opportunities for solid lipid nanoparticles to be considered for pulmonary delivery application [134]. Solid lipid nanoparticles are submicron-sized nanocarriers comprising a solid hydrophobic core surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipid. The problem with this type of nanocarrier is limited drug-loading capacity and increase in rigidity of the lipid matrix upon storage that can lead to drug expulsion [135]. For these reasons, nanostructured lipid carriers have come into the scene. A nanostructured lipid carrier is composed of a blend of a solid lipid and oil within a framework of semicrystal structure that provides more flexibility and greater entrainment of the drug. The benefits of using this carrier is same as that of solid lipid nanoparticles – controlled drug release, improved chemical stability, simple, and relatively less expensive to produce on a large scale compared to liposomes [136]. Significant reduction in lung inflammation and infection has been observed with the use of solid lipid nanoparticle [137]. The successful preparation of lipid nanocapsules of ibuprofen employing a phase inversion technique in the size range of about 50 nm has showed sustained release properties of the drug [138]. Solid lipid microparticles of ibuprofen in colloidal silicon dioxide nanoparticles (Aerosil), prepared using hot melt dispersion technique [139], have also been prepared, opening up the possibility of using lipid-based carriers for CF therapy.
Prolonged distribution of aerosolized PEGylated liposomes in the lungs of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Kohei Togami, Yuki Maruta, Mao Nanbu, Hitoshi Tada, Sumio Chono
In addition to liposomes, other nanocarriers including solid lipid nanoparticles and micelles have also been widely studied as pulmonary drug delivery systems. Solid lipid nanoparticles have improved stability and prolonged drug release [42]. Polymeric micelles can solubilize hydrophobic drugs, prolonged drug release, and high biocompatibility [43]. The main clearance route of these nanocarriers from the lung surface is AMs clearance similar to the liposomes [44]. In brief, the phagocytic ability of AMs is depend on the particle size, surface charge, and surface modification of these nanocarriers. Therefore, PEGylation of these nanocarriers may also useful for the development of a pulmonary drug delivery system for the treatment of IPF. Future studies should evaluate the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects after intrapulmonary administration of the anti-fibrotic agents encapsulated into the PEGylated liposomes in experimental animals with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Investigation of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl glycerol and cholesterol based nanocochleates as a potential oral delivery carrier for methotrexate
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2022
Bothiraja Chellampillai, Sneha Kashid, Atmaram Pawar, Ashwin Mali
Liposomes represent poor stability, low drug loading and high production cost. Niosomes have various stability problems such as physical stability of fusion, aggregation, sedimentation and leakage on storage. Further, solid lipid nanoparticles reflect multiple limitations such as low drug loading, poor stability. Microspheres depict different dose-dependent release patterns. Carbon nanotubes are heterogeneous in nature (both diameter and length) with the limitation of consistent reproducibility. A mesoporous nanoparticle shows premature drug leakage resulting in reduced delivery of the actives at the desired site of action. Most of the dendrimers have been associated with reproducibility problems with marked differences in size. Moreover, polymeric micelles are prone to dissociation upon dilution in blood circulation leading to burst release. Considering the limitations of the present delivery system, this juncture needs a new patient-compliant drug delivery system to improve oral therapeutic efficacy and safety of MTX (Abolmaali et al. 2013).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Pegylation
- Small Interfering Rna
- Messenger Rna
- Lipid
- Route of Administration
- Nanoparticle Drug Delivery
- Pharmaceutical Formulation
- Patisiran
- Covid-19 Vaccine
- Mrna Vaccine