The SHS’s precursor; early meetings aimed at London’s homeless: ‘Most of the Destitute seem to be Sailors’
Gordon C Cook in Disease in the Merchant Navy, 2019
A later letter from the Admiralty Office dated 7 March indicated that directions had been given to the Navy Board to ‘cause the Nautilus to be received into charge’.39 A letter from the same office dated 30 March, confirmed that Dasher also, could be used by the Society: ‘My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty having directed the Navy Board to receive the Dasher into charge on the 31st Instant …’.40 Similar news concerning the Sapphire was contained in a letter dated 13 April,41 and on 23 April identical news was also received regarding the Plover and Perseus.42 In a letter from the same source dated 28 May it was clearly stated that HM Ship Abundance had been received ‘into charge’; the Commissioners of the Admiralty had given this directive to the Navy Board.43
Patterned Sapphire and Chip Separation Technique in InGaN-Based LEDs
Iniewski Krzysztof in Integrated Microsystems, 2017
To further improve the extraction efficiency of devices, a method of die separation after chip fabrication on wafer is important. Sapphire is used as the substrate for many blue LED devices but this material is very difficult to dice using traditional diamond. The process of cutting the sapphire wafer is usually divided into three steps. First, the wafer is thinned to a thickness of about 80–150 μm. The wafer is scribed along the proper shapes using the diamond tips in the second step. Then, it is fractured and split using standard cleaving equipment. However, there are many problems in this final process, such as low depth of scribing and abrasion of the harder material itself. The low depth of scribing can also induce failure in breaking the wafer along the scribed line, including low throughput and high operating costs. The laser scribing process developed recently can eliminate most of the problems encountered in diamond tip scribing, which offers high-speed scribing with narrow kerfs, an increase in the chip density due to reduced street width, and hence a reduction in overall manufacturing costs. Various laser technologies, such as dry laser dicing, water jet-guided laser dicing, and stealth dicing, have already been developed and widely used in industrial applications [28–30]. However, some problems related to laser ablation, such as debris and thermal damage on the device, remain to be solved. Highly efficient peak power intensity, which strongly depends on both laser wavelength and pulse duration, is required for good laser scribing [31].
The Middle Ages
Lois N. Magner, Oliver J. Kim in A History of Medicine, 2017
Hildegard's Physica, The Book of Simple Medicine, or Nine Books on the Subtleties of Different Kinds of Creatures, is probably the first book by a female author to discuss the four elements and the therapeutic virtues and toxic properties of plants, animals, and metals. Hildegard's Book of Compound Medicine, or Causes and Cures, discusses the nature, forms, causes, and treatment of disease, human physiology and sexuality, astrology, and so forth. Foods, drugs, and precious stones were prescribed to cure and prevent disease. For example, sapphire was recommended for the eyes and as an antiaphrodisiac, which made it an appropriate gem to have in a convent or monastery. Unicorn liver and lion heart were recommended for dreaded diseases like leprosy. In her discussion of frenzy, insanity, obsession, and idiocy, Hildegard said that even the most bizarre mental states could have natural causes. A man thought to be possessed by a demon might really be suffering from migraine and vertigo. Hildegard probably had a special interest in headaches because a modern physician would be tempted to diagnose her vision states as classical migraines or temporal lobe epilepsy.
Ergonomic design and evaluation of gemstone polishing workstation
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Dipayan Das, Ashish Kumar Singh
Several limitations should be taken into account while considering the implications of the findings of the present study. In this study, all of the experimental trials were performed with a particular type of gemstone (sapphire, Mohs hardness number = 9). Hence, the same analysis with a different type of gemstone (due to differences in gemstone properties) may have different results. The findings cannot be generalized and should be interpreted with caution until future studies incorporate different types of gemstones. We plan to extend this research using different gemstones such as topaz (Mohs hardness number = 8), quartz (Mohs hardness number = 7), feldspar (Mohs hardness number = 6) and apatite (Mohs hardness number = 5). Further, the findings of this study were limited to the white light illumination condition. Since there is enormous variation in colour (warm to cold colours) across the many gemstone varieties, the colour contrast may have an impact on the upper limb postures and muscle recruitment patterns during polishing operation. Future work may also investigate the effect of colour contrast on the upper limb postures of gemstone polishers. In this study, some of the postural effects were found to be insignificant at a significance level of 0.05. Hence, a greater number of test subjects may be incorporated in future research for a better demonstration of the findings.
Breastfeeding Experiences of Mothers of Children with Down Syndrome
Published in Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 2019
Rebeca Barros da Silva, Maria do Céu Barbieri-Figueiredo, Marcia Van Riper
Another reason for the dissatisfaction is that they would like a more welcoming environment for both the breastfeeding process and the interaction of parents with similar situations, for experience sharing. Interactions with health professional did not meet their expectations, also. There, at the hospital, they say a few words or nothing. I think it should exist a place where mothers could go for help. There has to be information, or have a centre, multifaceted, not only for the mother breast feed, but also to dispel doubts. There is nothing here, no association that we can appeal, what exist, what people search on the internet, it is just there in Oporto. (Sapphire)
Device profile of the sapphire XTM anterior cervical plate system: overview of its safety and efficacy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
John G. DeVine, Uzondu F. Agochukwu, Keith L. Jackson
The number of institutions and physicians that have utilized this device on the 50 patients is not known. Spinal Elements, Inc, the manufacturer of the Sapphire X, provided the information at the time of submission: the plating system has been used in 50 patients to date. That is all the information that was provided. The Sapphire X is cleared for use in the US Market as of July 2020 via Class 2 510k, and made available for use in December 2020. It is being used across the US – but specifics of that data were not available to the authors. The overview of the Sapphire X for this manuscript is based solely on the three authors’ experience.