Thermometry
Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke in Unexplained Fever, 2019
The rectal temperature is considered to be the best approximation of core temperature. Its major disadvantages are patient discomfort and the quite definite risk of complications, especially in very young and uncooperative patients. In the infant, a rectal thermometer may cause hemorrhage or even perforation of the rectum or colon;18 peritonitis and pneumoperitoneum have also been reported.19,20 Another complication is the spread of infection from one patient to another by successive use of the same thermometer.21,22 A further potential risk is that rectal stimulation may trigger arrhythmias in cardiac patients. Although considered to be the most accurate estimation of core temperature, rectal temperature may be affected by the blood flow to the lower limbs. During muscular exercise, the rectal temperature rises, whereas the skin temperature falls as a result of sweating.
Thermoregulation
Husband Alan J. in Behaviour and Immunity, 2019
After a 2 week acclimatisation period all rats were subjected to a habituation regime during which they were placed on a water deprivation schedule which allowed drinking for 15 min at 1000 h each day. A two bottle system was employed during this experiment. Baseline consumption was determined and no outliers were observed. During the habituation phase, all rats were handled gently and rectal temperatures were taken at 1000 h daily to establish baseline temperature data and to accustom animals to the procedure. A Cole-Parmer 08402 microcomputer rectal thermometer with thermistor probe was used to record temperatures. The probe was inserted 2.5cm into the rectum and temperatures were read when the display had stabilised for 10 s after a 60 s period. The thermometer was accurate to 0.1° C. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) used was from the Eschericia coli strain (026:B6 Difco) while MSH was supplied by Sigma Chemicals. Pyrogen-free 0.9% saline solution (SAL) and 300mg Aspirin (ASP) were also used.
Bacterial Endotoxin Induced Fever Affects Arousal States
Alan J. Husband in Psychoimmunology CNS-Immune Interactions, 2019
An automated sleep state detector was used, which monitored and recorded EEG and EMG signals. Tne detector operated by transmitting the signals from the animal through amplifiers to a Newcastle University Electronics Workshop (EWS) manufactured filter. The filters’ output three DC voltages, one of which represented the EMG signal, the second represented the 2.5 Hertz (delta) component of the EEG, and the third represented the 7.5 Hertz (theta) component. The three voltages were relayed to an Analog to Digital converter in an IBM XT compatible personal computer. The signals were processed and compared using Strawberry Tree Inc Workbench software. The software displayed and recorded EEG level, delta and theta waveform levels, and the theta: delta ratio. During the experiment, rabbits were housed in standard portable laboratory cages. A video camera and television monitor were used to visually observe the animal during the experiment. A Cole-Parmer 08402–00 microcomputer rectal thermometer, with thermistor probe accurate to 0.1°C was used to record temperature data.
The impact of whole-body hyperthermia interventions on mood and depression – are we ready for recommendations for clinical application?
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2019
Kay-U. Hanusch, Clemens W. Janssen
Romeyke [21] studied the effects of whole-body heating in 103 patients (m/w = 2/102, average age 55.2 (10.0)) with fibromyalgia and also diagnosed with severe depression based on criteria from the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) and the International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems. As part of this quasi-experimental observational study, patients were asked to complete a Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-D) with a focus on mental well-being and depression. Study participants received multiple WBH sessions in a Heckel HT-2000 device with Infrared-A lighting for the duration of 50 min and a target temperature of 38.5 °C. Following the intervention, subjects rested for 60 min while being covered with blankets. Core body temperature was measured using a rectal thermometer. When comparing the results to a control group that did not receive hyperthermia interventions, they did not find statistically significant differences between the groups (p = 0.055).
Preventing necroptosis by scavenging ROS production alleviates heat stress-induced intestinal injury
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2020
Li Li, Hongping Tan, Zhimin Zou, Jian Gong, Junjie Zhou, Na Peng, Lei Su, Marc Maegele, Daozhang Cai, Zhengtao Gu
The mice were pretreated either with (experimental condition) or without (control condition) 1.8 mg/kg Nec−1 or 1.9 mmol/kg GSK' 872, or 100 mg/kg NAC (intraperitoneal) 1 h before HS [25–27]. The establishment of heat stressed-animal model was described in detail in our previous study [7,23]. The mice in the HS group were placed in a pre-warmed incubator, maintained at 35.5 ± 0.5 °C with relative humidity of 60 ± 5%, without food and water. Rectal core temperature (Tc) was continuously monitored with a rectal thermometer until the Tc reached 42 °C. The mice in the control group were sham-heated at a temperature of 25 ± 0.5 °C and humidity of 35 ± 5% for a time comparable to that of the HS group. Mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection with a mixture of 13.3% urethane and 0.5% chloralose (0.65 ml/100 g body weight, intraperitoneally), then sacrificed 20 h after HS exposure, and the small intestine (ileum) was isolated.
Evaluation of commercial, wireless dermal thermometers for surrogate measurements of core temperature
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2019
Hajnal Zsuzsanna Balla, Elvar Theodorsson, Jakob O. Ström
At the outset, we supposed that the difference between a given dermal thermometer and the rectal thermometer would be relatively stable within the same patient, and in other words that the dermal thermometers could be more suited to monitor temperature trends within specific individuals rather than measuring absolute temperatures. It was, however, clear from the normalized correlation analyses that the dermal thermometers were only marginally superior in following individual trends than in assessing absolute temperatures. In case of superiority, the correlations analysis following the normalization procedure had rendered much higher r-values.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Body Temperature
- Mouth
- Thermoregulation
- Axilla
- Rectum
- Tongue
- Anus
- Ear
- Forehead
- Mercury