Next-generation technology starts with iodine
Tatsuo Kaiho in Iodine Made Simple, 2017
There are only a few (∼180) natural marine products that contain iodine, but here are some examples. Lukianol-B is isolated from sea squirts living near the Palmyra Atoll and has aldose reductase inhibitory activity, a causal factor of diabetes. Plako hyperforin is an iodine-containing indole compound, the first natural product to be identified. Iodovulone was isolated from soft coral tsutsuumizuta that live in the coral reef near Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The chemical structure for tsutsuumizuta differs significantly from mammal-derived prostanoid, and is a new type of prostanoid with strong anti-ulcerative properties. Cytostatic activity against the human leukemia cell line of iodovulone has an IC50 of 0.03 mg/mL and is somewhat weaker than chlorovurone. 5-Iodotubercidin has been isolated from red algae in Australia and has a strong adenosine kinase inhibitory effect. It is commonly used as a biochemical reagent.
Anti-inflammatory, Anti-allergic, Antipyretic, Antinociceptive, Antithrombotic, and Anti-coagulant Activities of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Leonel Pereira in Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
Lectins, sometimes referred to as hemagglutinins or agglutinins, are glycoproteins with an ability to agglutinate red blood cells (Boyd and Reguera 1949). Various polysaccharides are present on cell surfaces, and as a result many cells including microbes and yeasts (Bird et al. 1992, Cisar et al. 1995), tumor cells (Hori et al. 1986), and erythrocytes are selectively agglutinated by lectins (Chen et al. 1995). Lectins are inhibited by sugars of the same type as those on the surface of the cells being agglutinated (Sharma and Sahni 1993). They are useful in exploring properties of biological structures and processes, and have found applications in biology, cytology, biochemistry, medicine, and food science and technology. Lectins from Codium spp. have been developed into commercially available reagents and are routinely used in biochemical studies.
Ia Antigens of Rhesus Monkeys *
Soldano Ferrone, Chella S. David in Ia Antigens: Man and Other Species, 1982
“SD-typing” for the conventional A and B locus antigens was performed with a modified Kissmeyer-Nielsen one-stage microcytotoxicity assay.3 The methods of producing, selecting, and screening optimal antisera have been described in detail.4,5 Typing for DR and other B cell-specific or la-like antigens was performed by application of a two-stage lymphocytotoxicity technique using B cell enriched lymphocyte suspensions6 The reagents were produced by immunizing rhesus monkeys with skin grafts and subsequent blood injections from a single donor sharing all four A/B antigens and (at a later stage) from A/B identical donors sharing also one or two DR antigens. The screening, selection, and further characterization of the reagents have been fully described.7-12
Delivery of antisense oligonucleotide using polyethylenimine-based lipid nanoparticle modified with cell penetrating peptide
Published in Drug Delivery, 2019
Shuang Yang, Dandan Wang, Yaojun Sun, Bin Zheng
PEI (branched, 25 kDa), palmitic acid (PA) (≥99%), and palmitoyl chloride (98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Fmoc-l-arginine and 2-chlorotrityl chloride resins were purchased from JiEr Biochemistry Company (Shanghai, China). O-benzotriazol-1-yl-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (Hobt), and N,N-diisopropyl ethylamine (DIEA) were purchased from Xiya Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Egg phosphatidylcholine (ePC) and cholesterol were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Shanghai, China). LOR-2501 (5′-CTC TAG CGT CTT AAA GCC GA-3′) and 5′-Cy3-labled LOR-2501 were synthesized by Biomics Biotechnologies (Jiangsu, China). 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL). Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI 1640), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from HyClone (Logan, UT). GAPDH, anti-R1 antibody and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG were obtained from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, MA). HeLa cells and A549 cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). All other analytical reagents were commercially obtained in reagent grade.
cRGD peptide-conjugated polyethylenimine-based lipid nanoparticle for intracellular delivery of siRNA in hepatocarcinoma therapy
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Shuang Yang, Dandan Wang, Xia Zhang, Yaojun Sun, Bin Zheng
Egg phosphatidylcholine (ePC), cholesterol, and DSPE-PEG2000 were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc (Shanghai, China). DSPE-PEG2000-cRGD was purchased from Xi’an Ruixi Biological Technology Co., Ltd (Xi’an, China). Survivin siRNA (5′-mGCAGGUUCCUmUAUCUGUCATT-3′) and 5′-Cy3 labeled survivin siRNA were synthesized by Biomics Biotechnologies (Jiangsu, China). PEI (branched, 25 kDa) and hexadecyl amine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI 1640), and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from HyClone (Logan, UT, USA). Anti-survivin, anti-GAPDH antibody and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG were obtained from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, MA, USA). HepG2 cells and LO2 cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). All other analytical reagents were commercially obtained in reagent grade.
Virtual design of novel Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease falcipain-2 hybrid lactone–chalcone and isatin–chalcone inhibitors probing the S2 active site pocket
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Koffi N’Guessan Placide Gabin Allangba, Mélalie Keita, Raymond Kre N’Guessan, Eugene Megnassan, Vladimir Frecer, Stanislav Miertus
The analogue model building was performed with Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) program38. The library of analogues was enumerated by attaching R-groups (fragments, building blocks) onto HLCIC scaffold using the Quasar CombiDesign module of MOE38. Reagents and chemicals considered in this paper were selected from the directories of chemicals available from the commercial sources. Each analogue was built as a neutral molecule in the MOE program38, its geometry was refined by MM optimisation through smart minimiser of DS 2.530 meeting high convergence criteria (threshold on energy difference of 10−4 kcal·mol−1 and root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 10−5 Å), dielectric constant of 4, using class II consistent force field CFF39.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Chemistry
- Chemical Reaction
- Reaction Mechanism
- Catalysis
- Biochemistry
- Enzyme
- Substrate
- Organic Chemistry
- Collins Reagent
- Fenton'S Reagent