Computational Drug Discovery and Development Along With Their Applications in the Treatment of Women-Associated Cancers
Shazia Rashid, Ankur Saxena, Sabia Rashid in Latest Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Women-Associated Cancers, 2022
A promising therapeutics target acts as a cornerstone in the process of target-based screening, and it could be either nucleic acid or a protein of different classes [7]. Over the past decades, the development of omics and its application have fostered the discovery of various disease-associated biomarkers [8–9]. Recently, a large number of potential molecular targets for cancer have been reported that can be explore for therapeutic action. There are generally two strategies involve in the identification process: (1) target discovery and (2) target deconvolution. Earlier strategies are based on elucidating the mechanism of disease and its related protein that can be used as a molecular target for further therapeutic intervention. Applications of genomics as well as transcriptomics approaches through high-throughput sequencing are widely used to gain insight into the disease and define population based on their genetic architecture [10]. Additionally, proteomics also plays a critical role in propelling the target discovery phase by recognizing aberrant protein expression. Further, protein microarray and mass spectrometry help in resolving the complexity of proteomes. [11–12].
The science of biotechnology
Ronald P. Evens in Biotechnology, 2020
The proteome is the complete protein makeup in the human body. Proteomics is the study of protein structures and their properties. The proteome is more complex than the genome when we consider the greater complexity of proteins, for example, 20 amino acids versus 4 nucleic acids, and their manifold structural requirements, including the amino acid sequence, disulfide bridges, glycosylation of proteins, the complex carbohydrate structures, the amino and carboxyl ends of proteins and their variation, the isoforms of the same protein in one patient and between patients, and the 3D configuration (folding) of proteins. Proteins have a certain mass, isoelectric point, and hydrophobicity, impacting their activity. Protein function will also potentially change in several circumstances, for example, during development from the fetus to a child to an adult, in disease versus normal physiology, during inflammation versus none, and possibly have different actions at specific tissue sites. All of these different properties will require sophisticated and sensitive analytical technologies to identify and understand protein structure and function. Proteomics assists us in finding new disease targets and possible biological products for therapy.
Clinical Data Analytics
Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam in Introduction to Computational Health Informatics, 2019
The technique is based upon proteome analysis of the serum. Proteome is the entire set of proteins found in the human genome. The technique uses a combination of wet-lab techniques to identify amino-acid sequences, bioinformatics and data-mining techniques to identify probabilistically disease-associated proteins. Laser absorption-based mass-spectrometer based analysis identifies various proteins in the serum. Mass spectrometry can be applied a patient's tissue cells, blood, serum or other body-fluids for a similar analysis. To uncover the differences in mass-spectral pattern of proteins, data-mining techniques are used. The goal is to extract a protein pattern that corresponds to the presence of the disease based upon sensitivity and specificity analysis. The technique is useful for the detection of different types of cancer such as ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer and colon cancer. The AI techniques used are decision trees, neural networks, clustering and statistical methods.
How can we use proteomics to learn more about platelets?
Published in Platelets, 2023
By definition, proteomics tools systematically identify, characterize, and quantify protein features, or “proteomes” of a given biological sample of interest.1 Since the advent of proteomics technologies in the 1980s, there has been significant, continual progress in identifying and characterizing the protein composition of platelets.2,3 Using high-throughput methods such as biochemical labeling, 2D gel electrophoresis, affinity array capture, and mass spectrometry, at least 5,000 unique proteins and proteoforms (i.e., all of the different molecular variants of a protein product of a single gene, including changes due to genetics, alternative splicing of RNA transcripts, truncations, and post-translational modifications)4 have been observed in platelets.5
TMT-Based proteomics analysis of LPS-induced acute lung injury
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2021
Shengsong Chen, Yi Zhang, Qingyuan Zhan
The proteome is defined as the complete set of proteins produced by the genome and thus encompasses all proteins produced by all cells with an organism.3,4 The rapid development of molecular technology, especially the rise of high-throughput proteomics technology, has provided new opportunities to identify disease biomarkers.3,4 Proteomics research can provide more biological information and reveal and explain the mechanisms of biological activities, as well as the in-depth core roles of physiological and pathological phenomena.3,4 As a discovery tool, proteomics can explore specific proteins related to diseases by comparing differences in protein expression levels and protein localization in cells, body fluids or tissues under different conditions, providing clues for the study of disease pathogenesis and identification of targets for treatment and drug development.3,4
Proteomics in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry: a look to the next decade
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2021
Jennie R. Lill, William R. Mathews, Christopher M. Rose, Markus Schirle
Factors governing the sensitivity of a mass spectrometric analysis include ionization efficiency, ion transfer efficiency into the vacuum system, and how ions are utilized/analyzed in the instrument [13]. Various mass spectrometric techniques have been employed to analyze increasingly less abundant proteins from a complex proteome. The analysis of individual protein or sets of proteins are reviewed in section (6.2.) but here we review the techniques available for global proteomic profiling, and the mass spectrometric approaches being utilized to achieve low level analyses here can be generalized into two approaches; a label-free approach, and a chemically tagged labeling technique, where reagents such as TMTs are employed for multiplexing samples and collectively amplifying signals from pooled analytes.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Genome
- Mass Spectrometry
- Protein
- Proteomics
- Cell
- Hormone
- Mitochondrion
- Biomarker
- Ef-Tu
- Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase