B-mode instrumentation
Peter R Hoskins, Kevin Martin, Abigail Thrush in Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2019
The modern radiology department is based on imaging systems, including ultrasound scanners, which are connected to an imaging network. This system is generally referred to as a picture archiving and communication system (PACS). A PACS typically has workstations for review and reporting of image data, printers for producing hard copy of images and reports, and a large memory store for archiving patient data. Most reporting for ultrasound is performed in real time, with the operator saving images or video clips which illustrate the lesion (if present) or the measurement. A hard copy of images for inclusion in patient notes is usually done using a high-quality laser printer, though there may be no hard copy of images, with inclusion of only the report in the notes. Instead, if the referring clinician wants to inspect the images he or she can do so at a local terminal, connected to the hospital network, on the ward or in the clinic.
Data Sources in Medical Imaging
Johan Helmenkamp, Robert Bujila, Gavin Poludniowski in Diagnostic Radiology Physics with MATLAB®, 2020
Information pertinent to medical imaging can be found from a variety of data sources, consisting of a number of systems that together support the radiological workflow. The main information systems are: A Hospital Information System (HIS), which is used for high-level hospital administration and is also where electronic records of patients' medical history are stored.A Radiological Information System (RIS), which is used for patient scheduling and resource management. It is also common that radiologists record their reports in the RIS.A Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), where radiological images are archived. A PACS also provides healthcare professionals access to medical images for review.Imaging systems of various modalities where medical images are generated.Additional sources such as a Content Management System (CMS) containing, for example, an inventory of radiological equipment along with records of maintenance and Quality Control (QC) reports.
The future
Christine Bond, Ann Lewis in Using Medicines Information, 2018
Computerised pharmacy stock control systems of yesteryear allowed identification of which products had been issued to which wards. This was useful for product recalls and for simple analyses of prescribing trends. However, pharmacy IT systems that are an integral part of the hospital IT systems can offer much more. In the first place, there are considerable benefits for day-to-day running of the pharmacy; for example, patient details can be drawn directly from the patient administration system (PAS) instead of being rekeyed by pharmacy staff. This saves time and avoids the risks of transcription errors. Clinical pharmacists can also check laboratory tests online before issuing or prescribing a drug. Recent developments, such as the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) mean that clinical images (X-rays, scans, photographs) are also available to authorised users.
Pleural effusion volume in patients with acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study from three acute pancreatitis centers
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Gaowu Yan, Hongwei Li, Anup Bhetuwal, Morgan A. McClure, Yongmei Li, Guoqing Yang, Yong Li, Linwei Zhao, Xiaoping Fan
All the thoracic and abdominal CT images were transferred to the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) station (INFINITT PACS, INFINITT Healthcare Co. Ltd., South Korea) for interpretation. The interpretation was independently performed by two radiologists (each with six and 10 years of experience in thoracic and abdominal CT imaging) without knowing the clinical data. If there were any disagreements, a third reviewer (with more than 15 years of experience in thoracic and abdominal CT imaging) was consulted. Whenever possible, the CTSI and EPIC scores on AP were calculated for each individual [21,22]. Based on the CTSI and EPIC scoring systems, the AP patients with less than four points were placed into the mild subgroup while those with four or greater points were placed into the severe subgroup.
Single-center study: the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for assessing renal oncocytoma
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2020
Vincent Schwarze, Constantin Marschner, Giovanna Negrão de Figueiredo, Thomas Knösel, Johannes Rübenthaler, Dirk-André Clevert
This retrospective single-center study was approved by the local institutional ethical committee of the institutional review board and all contributing authors followed the ethical guidelines for publication in Scandinavian Journal of Urology. All study data were gathered according to the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki/Edinburgh 2002. Oral and written informed consent of all patients were given before CEUS examination and their associated risks and potential complications have been carefully described. All CEUS examinations were performed and analyzed by a single skilled radiologist with more than 15 years of clinical experience (EFSUMB Level 3). All included patients underwent native B-mode, Color Doppler and CEUS scans. Up-to-date high-end ultrasound systems with adequate CEUS protocols were utilized (GE Healthcare: LOGIQ E9; Samsung RS80A Prestige, Siemens Ultrasound Sequoia S20000, S3000, Philips Ultrasound iU22, EPIQ 7). A low mechanical index was used to avoid early destruction of microbubbles (<0.2). For all CEUS examinations, the second-generation blood pool contrast agent SonoVue® (Bracco, Milan, Italy) was used [20–24]; 1.0 − 2.4 mL of SonoVue® was applied. After contrast agent was applied, a bolus of 5 − 10 mL sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution was given. No adverse side-effects upon administration of SonoVue® were registered. All CEUS examinations were successfully performed and the image quality was sufficient in every single case, allowing for proper analysis of the sonomorphological appearance of the renal lesions. The patient files and imaging records were retrieved from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) of our institution.
Artificial intelligence measuring the aortic diameter assist in identifying adverse blood pressure status including masked hypertension
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Yaoling Wang, Lijuan Bai, Jinrong Yang, Yichen Lu, Wenliang Fan, Zhuang Nie, Jie Yu, Kai Wen, Ruiyun Wang, Linfeng He, Fan Yang, Benling Qi
The chest plain CT images of all participants were uploaded from the PACS system (picture archiving and communication system) to the AI-Rad Companion research algorithm provided by Siemens Medical for automatic processing. The deep Reinforcement Learning algorithm [13,14] could identify measurement planes through the thoracic aortic centerline and the 9 horizontal positions of the aorta defined in the AHA guidelines [10], and calculate the AD based on the square root of the maximum and minimum two-dimensional line segments in each measurement plane. The specific marking positions are as following (Figure 1(d)):
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