Ronald M. Atlas, James W. Snyder in Handbook Of Media for Clinical Microbiology, 2006
Use: For the detection, isolation, and presumptive identification of Candida species. Addition of neomycin helps inhibit bacterial species. Candida albi-cans appears as brown to black colonies with no pigment diffusion and no sheen. Candida tropicalis appears as dark brown colonies with black centers, black pigment diffusion, and a sheen. Candida krusei appears as shiny, wrinkled, brown to black colonies with yellow pigment diffusion. Candida pseudotropicalis appears as flat, shiny red to brown colonies with no pigment diffusion. Candida parakrusei appears as flat, shiny, wrinkled, dark reddish-brown colonies with light reddish-brown peripheries and a yellow fringe. Candida stellatoidea appears as flat dark brown colonies with a light fringe.
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Anton C. de Groot in Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Percutaneous absorption after topical application is minimal (140), and absorption through intact gastrointestinal mucosa is poor, ranging between 1% and 3%. Parenteral administration is associated with severe ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, at times irreversible. Neomycin is therefore used: (1) in topical formulations for the prevention and treatment of superficial skin, ear, and eye infections; (2) in solutions for urinary instillations to prevent bacteriuria from indwelling catheters; and (3) in peritoneal irrigation solutions used to treat contaminations in abdominal surgery. Dentists may use a neomycin-containing paste in root canal treatment. Given orally in doses of 200 to 1,000 mg two to four times per day, neomycin is used to sterilize the gut before digestive tract surgery and is also used in the treatment of hepatic coma (to reduce the number of ammoniagenic intestinal bacteria). In addition, trace amounts of neomycin are present in numerous vaccines as a result of its use to prevent bacterial contamination during the vaccines’ manufacture (117,118).
Acute Paronychia
Nilton Di Chiacchio, Antonella Tosti in Therapies for Nail Disorders, 2020
Mild cases may be treated with an antibiotic cream, such as mupirocin (Evidence E), gentamycin (Evidence D), bacitracin/neomycin/polymyxin B (Evidence E), fusidic acid (Evidence D), alone or in combination with a topical corticosteroid. A single nonrandomized study compared the efficacy of fusidic acid and betamethasone versus gentamycin ointment for acute paronychia, resulting in a reduction of the inflammatory score in the fusidic acid/betamethasone group (Evidence D).16 Neomycin-containing compounds have the risk of allergic reactions (approximately 10%).
Diagnostics and management approaches for Acanthamoeba keratitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Nóra Szentmáry, Lei Shi, Loay Daas, Berthold Seitz
It is a fact that there is a lack of standardized treatment for AK. In Table 1 we summarize chemicals with amoebicidal and cysticidal effect (in vitro), and their mode of action [32]. Nevertheless, only some of these compounds have been used in ophthalmology. In the literature, the following compounds have been described with an antiamoebic effect and are in ophthalmic use [33–35] (see also Table 2) [36]: The disinfectant/antiseptic diamidine (propamidine-isethionate (Brolene), hexamidin-diisoethionat (Hexacyl), and dibromopropamidine (Golden Eye) in 0.1% concentration).The disinfectant/antiseptic biguanide (polyhexamethilen-biguanide (polyhexanid) (Lavasept) and chlorhexidine (Curasept) are applied in 0.02% concentration, polyhexanid also in 0.08% concentration).The antibiotic neomycin.The disinfectant/antiseptic 1% povidon-iodine.The antileischmaniatic miltefosine.Antifungals such as miconazol, clotrimazole, voriconazol, natamycin.
A rare case of hemodialysis-related portosystemic encephalopathy and review of the literature.
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2020
Barbara Geerinckx, Rachel Hellemans, Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck, Sven Francque, Liesbeth De Waele, Jeroen Kerstens, Pieter-Jan Van Gaal, Bart Bracke, Peter Michielsen, Thomas Vanwolleghem
Treatment with lactulose syrup and lactulose enemas was started with prompt improvement of the encephalopathic state and decrease in serum ammonia. Afterwards, fluctuating symptoms remained despite optimal laxation with lactulose syrup and enemas. Four days later, a new hemodialysis session was initiated at a very low blood flow rate. However, after 30 minutes encephalopathic symptoms recurred and the hemodialysis session was immediately stopped. Neomycin needed to be associated to the medical treatment. We hypothesized that the tip of this catheter located in the superior vena cava created a negative pressure (suction) at the level of the hepatic veins, which might have increased the shunting of ammonia-rich blood over the TIPS. Therefore, we also decided to change the hemodialysis access and a new catheter was placed in the right femoral vein. The next hemodialysis session performed via the femoral catheter went uneventfully as went all subsequent sessions. Neomycin was stopped after seven days and the lactulose treatment could be tapered down. Four weeks later the patient underwent a living donor kidney transplant and dialysis could be discontinued. Up to now, 6 months after transplantation, he never experienced symptoms of PSE again. A time course of the aforementioned clinical and biochemical evolution as well as the associated treatment is displayed in Figure 2.
Systemic contact dermatitis following oral neomycin therapy
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Jocelyn M. Carnicle, Timothy V. Tran, Sterling S. McKissack
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The drug is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, which serves as the basis of its main use as an oral agent to suppress intestinal bacteria in treatment of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy, in preoperative bowel surgery, and in dental procedures.1 While oral neomycin has been commonly associated with adverse reactions like nausea, vomiting, and Clostridium difficile–associated colitis, the poor intestinal absorption of oral neomycin makes systemic contact dermatitis a rare adverse reaction.1,2
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