Community Relations
Steven A. Wartman in Confluence of Policy and Leadership in Academic Health Science Centers, 2022
The NCI’s requirements are specific. The grant application lays out the “Six Essential Characteristics of an NCI-Designated Cancer Center.” Adequate physical facilities are required, as well as proven ability to take “maximum advantage of institutional capabilities in cancer research and to appropriately plan and evaluate center strategies and activities.” The AHSC has to show transdisciplinary collaboration and coordination, and a defined scientific focus on cancer research that is clear in all grants and contracts and in all formal programs. In addition, there must be demonstrated institutional commitment, as evidenced by space, positions, and resources. And, the center’s director would have to be “a highly qualified scientist and administrator with leadership experience and institutional authority appropriate to manage the center and further its scientific mission and objectives.”
The Human Cancer Situation
Samuel C. Morris in Cancer Risk Assessment, 2020
Incidence rates are limited to SEER participants because, although cancer mortality is well known nationwide, cancer incidence is not. There is no national reporting system for cancer diagnoses. Individual hospitals maintain tumor registeries, and many states have cancer registeries, but the coverage is far from national. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has conducted three National Cancer Surveys to measure cancer incidence, but they were far from national. Moreover, the coverage changed with each survey. The first was in 1937-1939, the second in 1947-1948, and the third in 1969-1971. Incidence trends from these surveys are examined in Devesa and Silverman (1978, 1980) and Pollack and Horm (1980). These were recently updated drawing on data from SEER and local cancer registries (Devesa et al., 1987).
Healthcare Policy in the United States
Kant Patel, Mark Rushefsky in Healthcare Politics and Policy in America, 2019
The third development was the increased emphasis on biomedical research by the federal government. In 1937, Congress passed the National Cancer Act. It established the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and set a national pattern for the federal support of biomedical research. The law authorized the NCI to conduct research in its own laboratories and to award grants to nongovernment scientists and institutions for training scientists and clinicians. The establishment of the National Cancer Institute in 1937, with a broad mandate for ascertaining the cause, prevention, and cure of disease, reflected the increased role of the federal government in healthcare in general and in public health services in particular. Later it paved the way for public funding of biomedical research through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and later through the National Science Foundation (NSF). The fourth development was the shift from local control of health and welfare issues to state and especially federal government control. Workman’s compensation, pensions, unemployment insurance, and certain medical services came to be perceived by the people as the responsibility of the federal government (Greifinger and Sidel 1978). This was because of the Great Depression and the economic problems of state and local governments. The problems facing the country were too large for any but federal solutions. In 1934, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration gave the first federal grants to local governments for public assistance to the poor, including financial support for medical care.
Salary and student loan debt for oncology social workers: Findings from the oncology social work competencies, opportunities, roles and expertise (CORE) survey
Published in Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2023
Ting Guan, Brad Zebrack, Shirley Otis-Green, Grace DesJardins
Table 3 presented the breakdowns of salary by type of health service organization and years of cancer experience among OSWs working as direct service providers. There was a significant relationship between salaries and the type of health service organization in which they worked, X2 (6, 687) = 20.76, p = .002. Direct service providers working in NCI-designated cancer programs were more likely to report annual salaries $70,001 or more, followed by those working in comprehensive community cancer centers and academic or university-affiliated cancer programs. Those working in community cancer programs and pediatric cancer programs were less likely to have annual salaries $70,001 or more. There was also a significant relationship between salaries and years of cancer care experience, X2 (4, 694) = 99.67, p = .000. Direct service providers with more years of cancer care experience were more likely to report annual salaries $70,001 or more than OSWs with fewer years of experience.
Increasing trends of colistin resistance in patients at high-risk of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Hadir A. El-Mahallawy, Marwa El Swify, Asmaa Abdul Hak, Mai M. Zafer
This study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, between January and December 2019. NCI is a tertiary referral hospital receiving cancer patients from all over Egypt. In total, 196 multidrug-resistant enterobacterial isolates were collected during the study period. These were recovered from 196 different hospitalized cancer adult patients with either haematology malignancy or solid tumours with age ranging between 18 and 55 years old. Of these, 55.6% (n = 109) were males and 44.4% (n = 87) were females. The collected isolates included 100 (51%) K. pneumoniae, 89 (45.4%) E. coli and seven (3.6%) E. cloacae. The recovered infectious isolates were obtained from different clinical sources. Most of the isolates were recovered from blood cultures 62.6% (n = 124), surgical site infections specimens (pus, wound) 24% (n = 47), sputum and chest tube 5.1% (n = 10), and specimens from other sites 7.7% (n = 15) (Figure 1). The chest tubes were inserted in cases of clinically suspected lower respiratory tract infections, i.e. they had infections prior to chest tube insertion. Besides, the sample was obtained in the first two to three days of insertion and the organism isolated was a known pathogen with detected antibiotic resistance.
Challenges in biomarker-based clinical trials for patients with gastrointestinal malignancies
Published in Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development, 2022
Jeremy D. Kratz, Wei Zhang, Monica Patel, Nataliya V. Uboha
Biomarker-based therapy selection is an important cornerstone of precision oncology as biomarkers play an increasingly important role in therapeutic development. Different types of biomarkers are utilized in oncology clinical practice. These include prognostic biomarkers, biomarkers involved in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties, diagnostic biomarkers, disease monitoring biomarkers, and biomarkers predictive of clinical efficacy. In the research setting, biomarkers can be used for patient selection and stratification during trial enrollment. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) makes a distinction between different types of biomarkers used in clinical trials [3]. Integral biomarkers are essential for study enrollment; they should be performed in real time since they are incorporated into study design and are required for patient selection. Integrated biomarkers are those utilized to answer a specific scientific question, but they are not required for participation. Other biomarkers are considered to be exploratory; they are collected with the goal of producing hypothesis-generating data to be applied in future study designs.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Polonium
- Radioactive Decay
- Radon
- Radiation Therapy
- Caesium-137
- Cobalt-60
- Median Lethal Dose
- Nuclear Medicine
- Potassium-40
- Composition of The Human Body