Theranostics: A New Holistic Approach in Nanomedicine
D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija in Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
Nanotechnology is the science that comprises nanomedicine, nanomaterial, and the latest technology of nanorobotics. Nano-science focuses mostly on the development of the nanoparticles (NPs) or nanomaterials used in the development of medicines, therapies, diagnostics, communication sensors, and other related tools. In the world of medicine, nanotechnology has played a significant role in developing treatment of various age-related conditions such as tumor or non-tumor forming cancers (Doxil®, first anticancer liposomal medicine), diabetes, tissue degeneration, and infectious conditions (AmBiosome®, first liposomal antibiotic) [1]. Following are some basic concepts that are most commonly explored for developing better nanoformulations or nanotheranostic designs: Targeted delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredientsStimulated controlled delivery systemsNPs with multiple modes of treatmentsNanomaterial implants for localized therapies
Nanoparticle-Stabilized Liposomes as an Effective Bio-Active Drug Molecule Delivery for Acne Treatment
Namrita Lall in Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in medicine, including therapies for treating cancer, diabetes, microbial infections, and allergies. They are used extensively for targeted drug delivery and the controlled release of bio-active compounds (Utreja et al., 2020). The term ‘nanochemoprevention’ has been created to describe the use of nanotechnology in the improvement of cancer prevention and treatment via nanotechnology (Siddiqui and Sanna, 2016). Nanoparticles can be designed for optimal drug delivery; several nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are in clinical development and have either obtained U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval or are already publicly available (Siddiqui and Sanna, 2016). The surface characteristics and particle size can be altered in order to allow parenterally administered drugs to have both passive and active targeting capabilities (Najafi-Taher and Amani, 2017).
Fenugreek
Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai in Fenugreek, 2022
Nanotechnology has gained huge attention over time due to numerous applications in diverse variety of fields including drug delivery (Anu Mary Ealia and Saravanakumar 2017; Christian et al. 2008; De Jong and Borm 2008; Ghaffari and Dolatabadi 2019; Patra et al. 2018) (Pallotta et al. 2019). The fundamental component of nanotechnology is the nanoparticles (in the size range of 1–100 nm). Because of their small size, nanoparticles impart enhanced properties to drug formulations, such as high reactivity, strength, surface area, sensitivity, and stability (Anu Mary Ealia and Saravanakumar 2017). This section of the chapter reviews the reports of applications of the nanoparticle systems to enhance the medicinal efficacy and optimize the targeted delivery of fenugreek extracts and constituents for management of many diseases and disorders (Aswathy Aromal and Philip 2012; El-Batal, Mosalam et al. 2018; El-Batal et al. 2020; Ghosh et al. 2014; Kestwal, Bagal-Kestwal, and Chiang 2015; Mallikarjuna et al. 2017; Mallikarjuna et al. 2019; Pol 2014; Seetharaman, Balya, and Kuppusamy 2016).
Dry powder formulation of azithromycin for COVID-19 therapeutics
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Stefanie Ho Yi Chan, Khalid Sheikh, Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala, Satyanarayana Somavarapu
Although there are a lot of advantages of using nanoparticles in dry powder inhalation (DPI) delivery, such as higher drug loading capacity, increased cellular uptake, longer retention and higher chances of mucus penetration, there are several challenges that need to be overcome – (1) prevent aggregation of the particles in inhaler, (2) efficient redispersion of drug in lung fluid, (3) maintaining the particles in dry state until delivery, and (4) preservation of the particles and the corresponding biological activity of the drug throughout manufacturing stages. Therefore, particle engineering is introduced to produce particles of desired characteristics with lesser expense (Han et al. 2002). Commonly used particle engineering techniques include (1) make of large hollow nanoparticles for deep lung deposition, (2) make of effervescent particles to improve dispersion, (3) surface modification to improve nanoparticle characteristics as a delivery vehicle, and (4) encapsulating nanoparticles within microparticles to prevent particle aggregation.
Antibacterial, antioxidant, and haemolytic potential of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using roots extract of Cannabis sativa plant
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2022
Suman Suman, Lacy Loveleen, Meena Bhandari, Asad Syed, Ali H. Bahkali, Romila Manchanda, Surendra Nimesh
The synthesis of nanoparticle employs two general mechanisms: the top-down and the bottom-up approach. The top-down approach of nanoparticles formation includes the mechanical (laser/thermal ablations, ball milling, etc.) and some of the chemical methods such as chemical leaching. On the other hand, the bottom-up approach accompanies the biological method using plant parts, algae, bacteria and fungi as source of nanoparticles formation along with some of the chemical methods (spray pyrolysis, chemical decomposition, aerosol process, etc) [5]. Thus, the phytochemicals-mediated green synthesis of AgNPs using a bottom-up approach is employed due to their low toxicity, robustness, eco-friendliness, and affordability [6]. The plant extracts contain several metabolites, amongst them some act as reducing agents while some as capping agents for AgNPs [7]. Several studies have been conducted so far on the biosynthesis of AgNPs using plant extract that includes Terminalia arjuna [8] and Prosopis juliflora bark [9], Canarium ovatum [10], Cordia dichotoma [11] and Punica granatum leaf [12], orange peels [13], Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. seed [14], leaves of Eucalyptus globulus [15], Azadirachta indica [16] and Brassica oleracea [17] and many other such plants.
Nanoparticles-based anti-aging treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Jian-Jian Chu, Wen-Bo Ji, Jian-Hua Zhuang, Bao-Feng Gong, Xiao-Han Chen, Wen-Bin Cheng, Wen-Danqi Liang, Gen-Ru Li, Jie Gao, You Yin
Finally, regarding the new DDSs, the nanoparticles are conducive to agent delivery, including the penetration of anti-aging agents through the BBB and targeted delivery, and can significantly improve pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. This review only discusses several main types of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles represent an emerging field with great potential, and numerous new types of nanoparticles are being explored. The specific surface modification of nanoparticles can make them efficiently cross the BBB and be located at different targets after entering the CNS. In another way, controllable drug release mode and the synergy between drugs, drugs, and nano carriers can enhance the bioavailability (Su et al., 2015; Huang et al., 2016). Furthermore, altering the drug administration modalities, such as oral administration, subcutaneous injection, and transdermal patching may accompany better medication compliance and safety. Nonetheless, its transition to clinical practice is still a long-term and complex task. Furthermore, because many types of tumor cells and immune cells have the proclivity and ability to migrate into the CNS, DDSs based on exosomes and apoptotic bodies derived from cytomembranes (tumor cells, immune cells, and others) have demonstrated significant advantages and potential in crossing the BBB. As a result, they have received increased attention in recent years, and they offer promising prospects for improving and perfecting AD therapeutics (Wang et al., 2021).Executive Summary:
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