The disorder and its treatment
Stanton Newman, Ray Fitzpatrick, Tracey A. Revenson, Suzanne Skevington, Gareth Williams in Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis, 2005
In their search for relief from pain and disability individuals with arthritis often resort to complementary remedies. Problems with joints, including backs, are the main complaint amongst people seeking help from complementary sources (Sharma 1992). A study of patients attending a rheumatology clinic in Birmingham, Alabama found that 94 per cent of respondents had used at least one form of unorthodox therapy for their arthritis (Kronenfeld and Wasner, 1982). Over 80 per cent of respondents had used topical remedies such as liniments or ointments. Fifty four per cent had used some form of special diet and 38 per cent tried wearing copper or some other form of jewellery. In another study (Cronan et al., 1989), 84 per cent had used one or more unconventional therapies.
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Anton C. de Groot in Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A 55-year-old farm hand had applied a local antimycotic veterinary liniment to an itchy patch on his wrist 2-3 times per day for 2 days, when an acute contact dermatitis with pruritus, swelling and bullae appeared on his wrist and arm. A few days later, a severe id-like spread developed, which persisted for 3 weeks, despite intensive local and systemic corticosteroid therapy. Patch tests with the ingredients of the liniment (etisazole, DMSO, glycerin) gave a positive reaction to etisazole 2% pet. The prolonged course of the dermatitis was ascribed to the penetration enhancing effect of DMSO. Quite curiously, the authors did not comment on the fact that the reaction already developed after 2 days, suggesting that the patient had been sensitized before. He had used miconazole earlier, but the chemical structures of these two chemicals are very dissimilar (2).
Accidental Poisoning
David J. George in Poisons, 2017
There are several classes of adult medications that can be lethal to toddlers who ingest even one or a few standard pills or teaspoonfuls. The exposure circumstances might involve toddlers encountering unattended medication containers in the home or perhaps discovering a pill that was previously lost by a parent or grandparent. Medications in purses, travel containers, or on nightstands are common targets for toddler exploration. Examples of the pharmacological classes of drugs that have single dose lethality potential in toddlers are listed in Table 25.3. This topic is raised here to emphasize that small doses, sometimes a single pill, of a large number of adult medications can kill a young child. Some medications are available in a wide range of dosages that could differ in strength as much as tenfold from the lowest to the highest dose per tablet. Ingesting a few tablets of a lower strength could be fatal, and this possibility is amplified with increased tablet strength. Other medications that are especially toxic to young children include topical analgesic ointments and liniments containing salicylates, iron supplements, nicotine replacement products, eye drops, illegal drugs, and ethanol.
Modification of sodium aescinate into a safer, more stable and effective water-soluble drug by liposome-encapsulation: an in vitro and in vivo study
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Sifan Huang, Xinyu Wang, Mengmeng Liu, Zhizhe Lin, Wenqian Gu, Haili Zhao, Yanqiu Zhang, Baoyue Ding, Jiyong Liu, Xin Wu, Wei Fan, Jianming Chen
The liniment, gel, tablet and injection forms of SA have been widely used in clinical practice. Among them, SA liniment and gel for external use show good therapeutic effects on ecchymosis, sprain, crush injury and other local surface injuries. However, external preparations have certain limitations. for instance, they cannot provide in-depth treatment for various vascular diseases caused by local blood circulation disorders. In addition, they cannot be used on the damaged skin and mucous membrane (Lang, 1974; 1977). SA tablet is easy to be administered orally, but its poor absorption and low bioavailability limit its use (Lang & Mennicke, 1972; Wu et al., 2012). SA-I has the advantages of rapid action and a long maintenance time of the biological effect. It can effectively treat and prevent postoperative edema and alleviate pain of the patient (Wang et al., 2016; Liyou et al., 2018). However, IV (IV) injection of SA-I can cause pain in the injection site because of the strong irritation of septate sodium to blood vessels, and prolonged medication may cause phlebitis. Meticulous observation is therefore necessary during infusion to prevent fluid leakage to surrounding tissues, causing red swelling. In addition, it is not convenient to prepare SA-I because bubbles are likely to appear during preparation (Feng et al., 2011; Shi et al., 2014; Xie et al., 2014).
ROS-sensitive calcipotriol nano-micelles prepared by methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) – modified polymer for the treatment of psoriasis
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Yulin Hua, Tiantian Chang, Kun Jiang, Jinhong Wang, Xiaodong Cui, Min Cheng, Fang Yan, Bo Song, Yuzhen Wang
Psoriasis is still predominantly treated with a long course of topical drugs (Pradhan et al., 2013). One vitamin D3 analog, calcipotriol (CPT), inhibits cellular DNA and keratin synthesis by binding specifically to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), allowing correction of abnormal keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation (Frieder et al., 2017) is used as a primary topical agent for psoriasis. Common topical dosage forms such as creams (0.005%) and liniment (0.005%) are currently available. Recently, it has been suggested that nanoscale transdermal drug delivery systems can more effectively penetrate the thickened stratum corneum to achieve better results in psoriasis treatment (Mahmoud et al., 2017; Song et al., 2020).
Stakeholders' perspectives and requirements on pain self-management for adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Malawi: a cross-sectional qualitative study
Published in AIDS Care, 2023
Kennedy Bashan Nkhoma, Gertrude Tiwonge Mwalabu, Katherine Bristowe, Edgar Arnold Lungu, Richard Harding
The majority of adolescents reported the use of medicines obtained from health facilities or purchased from shops to relieve pain depending on the affected body part. These medicines included panadol, hedax, brufen, and aspirin for headaches, liniment for leg pains and Tumbocid for abdominal pain, piriton and topical lotions for the itching rash and pyridoxine for numbness of the legs. It was interesting that the use of traditional medicines in the form of soot (a by-product of burning fossil fuels) given by the grandmother was also reported to work in the management of pain. The minority felt that medical interventions were more effective than non-medical interventions (Quotes 45 and 46).