Magnets for Beam Control and Manipulation
Rob Appleby, Graeme Burt, James Clarke, Hywel Owen in The Science and Technology of Particle Accelerators, 2020
The steel pieces that form the yoke can be machined from solid steel or built up by stacking thin (∼1 mm) steel sheets or laminations. When time-varying magnetic fields are required then laminations must be used because of eddy current effects, as we shall see later. However, for static magnetic fields, both solid and laminated options are feasible. Laminations are shaped, using a stamping tool, to form the transverse cross section of the magnet and then stacked up in the longitudinal beam direction before being permanently joined together (often using gluing but also involving welding or mechanical fixtures sometimes) to form a single unit. The use of a stamping tool means that lamination-to-lamination shape repeatability is very good and also is a quick process so can be cost-effective. The tool or die, which has to be specially made for each magnet, is quite expensive though, so when small numbers of magnets are required, it is often more cost-effective to use solid steel yokes. The accuracy of laminations due to the stamping process also means that the required mechanical tolerances (∼20 to 30 μm for the pole surface) for long magnets can be achieved more readily since machining over long pieces of steel reduces the precision achievable. Another advantage of using laminations is that any variation in the magnetic properties from batch to batch from the steel manufacturer can be considered more readily by mixing up – or shuffling – the laminations from the various batches within each single yoke. Such steel property variation can otherwise lead to small but significant differences in performance from magnet to magnet.
Quality Changes during Packaging and Storage of Australian Native Herbs
Yasmina Sultanbawa, Fazal Sultanbawa in Australian Native Plants, 2017
Contemporary packaging materials are developed by combining a number of different materials through lamination, coextrusion or coating, in order to provide better barrier function than just one material. Modern packaging materials combines different layers of foil, plastics like polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthlate (PET), nylon, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), paper and adhesives. These multilayered packaging materials provide a much better barrier compared to the conventional PE materials. Table 23.1 summarises the barrier properties of some packaging materials that are used in the food industry.
Design, Development, Manufacturing, and Testing of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
Tapash K. Ghosh in Dermal Drug Delivery, 2020
In some cases, a release liner may be used as an in-process material, as well as in the final product. For example, liners with release coating on both sides of the substrate are sometimes useful for adhesive processing without a subsequent lamination. This type of liner is known as a “differential” liner because the release coatings are designed such that adhesion to one side of the liner is greater than to the other.
3‐D printed spectacles: potential, challenges and the future
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2020
Ling Lee, Anthea M Burnett, James G Panos, Prakash Paudel, Drew Keys, Harris M Ansari, Mitasha Yu
Sheet lamination involves thin‐layered materials such as paper, plastics, or metal sheets that are cut to the design by a laser or blade and then combined. There are two main processes with sheet lamination: ultrasonic additive manufacturing, and laminated object manufacturing.2016 Bonding the layers and removing excess waste are what distinguish laminated object manufacturing from ultrasonic additive manufacturing. Laminated object manufacturing can use adhesives, thermal bonding or clamping, while ultrasonic additive manufacturing uses ultrasonic metal welding to combine the layers. Excess waste is removed with techniques such as laser cross hatching or computer numerical control milling. Layer thickness tends to be significantly greater compared to stereolithography or selective laser sintering techniques; therefore, this approach is more readily used for larger, low resolution objects and is unlikely to be suitable for spectacles.2015
A comparative evaluation of resin- and varnish-based surface protective agents on glass ionomer cement – a spectrophotometric analysis
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2020
Shreya Tyagi, Abi M. Thomas, Neeta Devi Sinnappah-Kang
The better performance of G-Coat Plus™ as compared to Vaseline® can be attributed to its property of sealing the micro-gaps with nanosized filler particles [23]. The results suggest that the EQUIA® Coat was a very effective surface protective agent. This is in accordance with the results obtained by Klinke et al. in which they concluded that the overall superior performance of EQUIA® Coat can be attributed to the nanofilled surface coating agent which led to primary stabilization of the restorative material and fills all the superficial surface defects [24]. According to Bagheri et al., the advantage of self-adhesive coating agents is that it provides a lamination effect on GIC surface and facilitates complete maturation of GIC by preventing early contact with extrinsic water, and therefore creates a stronger material [25]. It forms a thin layer of coating agent and is wear resistant [26]. As claimed by the manufacturer, the performance of EQUIA® Coat can be attributed to its new crosslinking monomer chemistry, which led to improved polymerization and created a tougher resin matrix reinforced by mono dispersion nano filler technology. EQUIA® Coat was more flowable than G-Coat Plus™, which led to a smoother surface. The coating has an additional advantage that it acts like a glaze and further enhanced the aesthetics of the restorative material. The other properties of EQUIA® Coat, which explained its clinical performance were that it was highly hydrophilic and possessed extremely low viscosity which led to superior surface seal [1].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Adhesive
- Polyvinyl Acetate
- Formaldehyde
- Composite Material
- Soundproofing
- Welding
- Laminated Fabric
- Coated Fabrics
- Thermoplastic
- Thermosetting Polymer