Inorganic Particulates in Human Lung: Relationship to the Inflammatory Response
William S. Lynn in Inflammatory Cells and Lung Disease, 2019
Fiberglass is a synthetic fibrous silicate used extensively in production of insulation materials and as a light, tough structural component in numerous manufacturing processes. Most epidemiologic studies have indicated that fiberglass does not produce chronic respiratory disease in exposed workers,83, 84 but one study did report an excess of nonmalignant respiratory disease.85 Although fiberglass particles with an appropriate aspect ratio will produce malignant tumors when injected into the pleural cavity of experimental animals,86 they produce little or no interstitial fibrosis when administered by the respiratory route.87, 88 In the latter studies, long fibers appeared to break up into short fibers which were phagocytized by macrophages and cleared to lymph nodes with minimal fibrogenic response.88 Fiberglass has been identified in sections (Figure 5) and digests of human lung in a few instances,51, 89–91 although Gross et al.92 showed no significant difference in the fiber content of lungs from individuals who had worked for many years in the fiberglass industry as compared to controls. Langer et al.93 have suggested that fiberglass might occasionally form the core for ferruginous bodies isolated from the general population, as has been demonstrated with experimental animals.71 One study demonstrated fiberglass particles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from an individual with heavy exposure in the home environment.94
Upper and Lower Limb Robotic Prostheses
Pedro Encarnação, Albert M. Cook in Robotic Assistive Technologies, 2017
Form and function are often the first aspects that spring to mind when discussing a prosthetic device. Form includes how the different parts of the device are configured, how they relate to each other, the material used in the construction of the prosthesis, and the cosmetic appearance of these parts (such as color and texture). For example, a prosthesis could be formed from a fiberglass or plastic base that is painted to match the color of the user’s skin, with metal parts concealed under cosmetic rubber liners to simulate the look of regular human tissue. Alternately, a device might be fabricated from black carbon fiber with visible motors and some exposed metal parts or highlighted technology. Some prostheses are painted with custom artwork. Others are sculpted to exactly match the shape and appearance of a user’s nonamputated limb. While form may vary greatly, it is dictated in a large part by the functional and social needs of the user.
What is asbestosis and what is not: Radiology and pathology correlates
Dorsett D. Smith in The Health Effects of Asbestos, 2015
Several case reports have demonstrated the bio-persistence of man-made mineral fibers in the lungs of workers who were exposed to rock wool or fiberglass for long periods of time and were diagnosed with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. A 20-year follow-up study also identified refractory ceramic fibers in workers’ lung tissue, with significant association between cumulative fiber exposure and radiographic pleural changes. Newly emerging man-made fiber industries appear to induce new types of occupational diseases. Insulators are exposed to rock wool, fiberglass, and a variety of other nonasbestos-containing insulation. This complicates the diagnosis of asbestosis in insulators who may have interstitial fibrosis from nonasbestos-containing insulation. (Fireman E. Man-made mineral fibers and interstitial lung diseases. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2014;20(2):194–8; Lange JH, Heymann WC, Cegolon L. Other causative factors for lung diseases in populations exposed to asbestos. Clin Respir J. 2014; 8(2): 253–4.)
Estimates of environmental loading from copper alloy materials
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Patrick J. Earley, Brandon L. Swope, Marienne A. Colvin, Gunther Rosen, Pei-Fang Wang, Jessica Carilli, Ignacio Rivera-Duarte
Test materials (3 replicates of each material) were secured to a 25.4 cm (10 in) diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ring with plastic tie-wraps (Figure 1) and suspended within a fiberglass frame (Figure 2). Each given test material replicate was located at least 20.3 cm (8 in) from the other replicates, and all frames were arranged such that the test materials were equally exposed to open water and did not face towards one another. A total of 10 frames were deployed to accommodate all of the replicate samples. The Bronze and Net materials used 3 and 2.5 layers of material, respectively, to ensure sufficient measurable metal concentrations in leachate and to reduce analytical measurement error, based on pilot testing. The Sheet material was directly connected to the fiberglass frame. Leachate concentrations were normalized to the surface area of a single layer of material to allow for direct comparison across all sample types. The mesh sizes of the tested materials were CAM: 4 × 4 cm (1.6 × 1.6 in), Bronze and Net: 2.5 × 2.5 cm (1 × 1 in), and Mesh: 1 × 2 cm (0.4 × 0.4 in).
Underwater shear-based grooming of marine biofouling using a non-contact Bernoulli pad device
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Kristina M. Kamensky, Aren M. Hellum, Ranjan Mukherjee, Abhishek Naik, Pia H. Moisander
A preliminary study was conducted in the summer of 2018 which informed some of the test protocols described here. Those studies are described elsewhere in detail (Kamensky 2020). The present study investigates the efficacy of combining our grooming method with a fouling-release paint treatment on the surfaces, similar to the protocol described in (Tribou and Swain 2015; Hearin et al. 2016) that were using different grooming technologies. To this end, two types of plate surfaces were investigated: bare Garolite® G10 plates in factory condition and Garolite plates painted on one side with Intersleek® 1100SR coating (International Paint, UK). These two surface types will be hereafter simply referred to as Garolite and Intersleek. Garolite was chosen for its surface similarity to an uncoated fiberglass boat hull. Manufacturing residue was removed using a sponge and dish soap before experiments. Intersleek is a fouling-release fluoropolymer used widely in the marine coating industry.
MRI-guided endovascular intervention: current methods and future potential
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Bridget F. Kilbride, Kazim H. Narsinh, Caroline D. Jordan, Kerstin Mueller, Teri Moore, Alastair J. Martin, Mark W. Wilson, Steven W. Hetts
Robotic systems designed to augment MRI-guided needle placement is an active area of research, but none have yet to become commercially available. For example, the GantryMate (Interventional Systems, Kitzbühel, Austria) is an MR-compatible system constructed from plastic and fiberglass materials and Bowden cables are used to translate mechanical manipulation [37]. More sophisticated roboticized systems with various actuators are used to remotely manipulate working arms from the control room. The ArthroBot is a remote-controlled, body-mounted robot operating with 4 degrees of freedom (DoF) for MRI-guided needle placement during shoulder arthrography [38]. Similarly, the PainBot features the same 4 DoF system, with an added 2 DoF needle driver system to provide rotation and translation from a driver box for perineural injections. As presented by Cleary et al., an MRI-safe robot was developed with 3 DoF for pediatric long bone biopsy, using pneumatic actuation and MRI-safe construction materials [39]. Furthermore, the robot controller is in the control room, and data encoding is entirely light or optical, presenting virtually no interference.
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