Nitrous Oxide
Kate McCombe, Lara Wijayasiri, Paul Hatton, David Bogod in The Primary FRCA Structured Oral Examination Study Guide 2, 2017
List the physicochemical properties of N2O. Boiling point −88 °CCritical temperature 36.5 °CCritical pressure 72 barBlood/gas partition coefficient 0.47Oil/gas partition coefficient 1.4MAC 105% (only under hyperbaric conditions can N2O produce full anaesthesia)
Pharmacokinetic/Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models in Integrated Risk Information System Assessments
John C. Lipscomb, Edward V. Ohanian in Toxicokinetics and Risk Assessment, 2016
The NOAEL of 50 ppm (217 mg/m3) was duration adjusted to 39 mg/m3 (5/7 days, 6/24 hours). Xylene is considered a category 3 gas because of its low water solubility, its potential for accumulation in blood during exposure, and the most sensitive effect is an extrarespiratory effect. For a category 3 gas, the NOAEL[HEC] is calculated by multiplying the duration-adjusted NOAEL(ADJ) by a ratio of the blood:gas partition coefficients for the rat over the blood:gas partition coefficient for the human. where Hb/g = blood/gas partition coefficient for the species in question, animal (A) or human (H).
Interspecies Extrapolation of Toxicological Data
Rhoda G. M. Wang, James B. Knaak, Howard I. Maibach in Health Risk Assessment, 2017
For the inhalation route, the compound is inspired at concentration Cinh with a flow rate equal to the alveolar ventilation rate, Qalv. The model assumes that there is no gas storage in the lungs and that ventilation of the alveoli is continuous, rather than cyclic. The compound in the alveolar air is assumed to equilibrate instantaneously with pulmonary capillary blood so that the compound concentration in lung blood and in alveolar air leaving the lungs maintains a constant ratio specified by the blood/gas partition coefficient, λb.
Comparative Study Between Desflurane and Sevoflurane Regarding Haemodynamics and Recovery Profiles in Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2023
Sara Mahmoud Afifi Ahmed, Said Mohamed El-Medany Aly, Hesham Ahmed Fouad Shaaban, Kareem Mahmoud Fathi Ateba
Results of the current study demonstrated faster immediate recovery with desflurane compared to sevoflurane. Desflurane’s blood/gas partition coefficient is 30% lower than sevoflurane’s, while its oil/gas partition coefficient is 64% lower, both of which contribute to a faster wash-in and wash-out of desflurane than sevoflurane [13]. Additionally, it is believed that slower recovery following sevoflurane anaesthesia is caused by the prolonged effects of residual sevoflurane (hexafluoroisopropanol) and the fact that sevoflurane breaks down to compound A, which irreversibly binds to body proteins [14]. These observations were similar to studies conducted by La colla et al. [13] and Jindal et al. [15]. In a meta-analysis of non-obese patients, Macario et al. [16] found a similar pattern, noting that the expected advantages of desflurane administration were significantly more prominent in obese patients.
Investigation of health risk assessment sevoflurane on indoor air quality in the operation room in Ahvaz city, Iran
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2019
Abdolkazem Neisi, Masoumeh Albooghobeish, Sahar Geravandi, Hamid Reza Adeli Behrooz, Mohammad Mahboubi, Yusef Omidi Khaniabad, Aliasghar Valipour, Azimeh Karimyan, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi, Majid Farhadi, Ahmad Reza Yari, Ali Ghomeishi
Sevoflurane have health effects for acute exposure. Several study demonstrate the concerning effects of inhalation of volatile AGs especially sevoflurane on human health (Hoerauf et al.1999, Mierdl et al.2003, Summer et al.2003, Gupta et al.2016). Based on report IARC states there are inadequate evidence about various aspects especially the carcinogenicity of sevoflurane, enflurane, halothane and isoflurane in both animals and humans (Kanmura et al.2000, Lachenmeier et al.2009, Kumar and Tripathi 2015). According different study, memory problems, headaches, fatigue, dizziness, impaired fertility, carcinogenesis, decreased immunity, liver and kidney damage are the most important health effects of sevoflurane (Saurel-Cubizolles et al.1992, McGregor 2000, Accorsi et al.2001, Burm 2003, Hasei et al.2003, Michel and Constantin 2009, Tankó et al.2009, Sárkány et al.2016). According result the studied teratogenic, anesthesia gases especially sevoflurane can increase the rate of morbidity on HCWs in ORs (Guirguis et al.1990, McGregor 2000). The blood-gas partition coefficient of sevoflurane is 0.69; molecular weight (200.1); rate of metabolism (3–5%); odor (acceptable); airway irritation (0); recovery (rapid); cost (high) are the most physical properties sevoflurane (Yasuda et al.1991, Michel and Constantin 2009, Devisscher et al.2010, Chatrath et al.2016, Freiermuth et al.2016, Walsh 2016).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Pharmacology
- General Anaesthetic
- Henry'S Law
- Partial Pressure
- Blood Protein
- Partition Coefficient
- Desflurane
- Diethyl Ether