Detection Assays and Techniques Against COVID-19
Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga in The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
In POC setting a portable heating tool known as battery-powered was introduced for LAMP amplification. And hence biosensors are used for warning sensing systems to control the system to assist the government to take considerable steps initially to avoid infectious diseases spread. Biosensors have the ability for SARS-CoV2 detection in sewage. It has been known that sewage is a complicated mixture; recently, we have developed a paper-based tool that has exhibited the high value for the identification of pathogens in wastewaters. The obtained results were further cross-checked with an agarose gel image analysis and robust electrophoresis, exhibiting enhanced reliability for waste analysis. The advantages of the biosensor are rapid response, specificity, sensitivity, low cost, friendly usage of tools, and very friendly testing analysis. One of the most important advantages is SARS-CoV2 detection in waste in an early stage so that treatment is possible at early stages. It is because new research shows that it is also found in urine and stools, which then enter sewage treatment plants.
Flexible and Wearable Chemical Sensors for Noninvasive Biomonitoring
Daniel Tze Huei Lai, Rezaul Begg, Marimuthu Palaniswami in Healthcare Sensor Networks, 2016
The field of advanced bioinstrumentation has in recent years been responsible for the development of sensor technology which is capable of providing highly reliable biological information. These devices have also been improved to maximize comfort and convenience. Current research has been focusing on further improving the flexibility and biocompatibility of biosensor devices for the purpose of ongoing patient monitoring. Such devices would allow for noninvasive bioinstrumentation and consequently reduce their impact on day-to-day activities. In particular, noninvasive chemical sensors for the preceding purposes are strongly requested. To this end, a number of oxygen sensors and enzyme-based biosensors based on functional polymers such as polypropylene and polydimethylsiloxane have been developed. This chapter describes various flexible and wearable chemical sensors and their application in noninvasive biomonitoring.
Understanding the Role of Existing Technology in the Fight Against COVID-19
Ram Shringar Raw, Vishal Jain, Sanjoy Das, Meenakshi Sharma in Pandemic Detection and Analysis Through Smart Computing Technologies, 2022
The use of biosensors for the rapid detection of coronavirus has also been discussed by several researchers, which will be discussed in this section. A biosensor is a device which uses a transducer and a biological matter such as enzymes, nucleic acids, or antibodies to detect the presence of the substance under investigation. The testing material (analyte) reacts with the biological matter, causing a certain change (for example, resistance) that is converted into an electrical signal by the transducer (Figure 2.6). Various chip-based and paper-based biosensors are envisioned to be helpful for rapid diagnosis of viral infections [23]. The advantages of these biosensors are their low cost, fast testing speed, and simple operational procedure. These biosensors are based on the detection of nucleic acids, antigens, or antibodies from various samples such as blood, saliva, sputum, and nasal secretion [24–26]. The chip-based biosensors are commonly made using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) [27, 28]. The chip-based biosensors involve multiple channels for automated extraction of nucleic acid and isothermal amplification. Further components for real-time signal detection are based on fluorescence, colorimetry, or electrochemical detection [23]. The paper-based biosensors are gaining more interest than chip-based because of several advantages they offer. The paper-based sensors are biodegradable, have lower cost, are easy to fabricate and chemically modify [29–31]. The lateral flow test strips have been put to test for COVID-19 detection. They detect the antibodies in the patient sample [24, 26].
Can nanotechnology help in the fight against COVID-19?
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
Gabriela Palestino, Ileana García-Silva, Omar González-Ortega, Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
A biosensor is a device that combines a sensitive biological recognition component and a physical transducer to detect analytes within solutions and bodily fluids. The physical transducer is the component that transforms the signal resulting from the interaction between the analyte and the biological element into a measurable and quantifiable signal. Physical transducers vary significantly with the source of the quantifiable signal and utilize mostly optical, electrochemical and piezoelectric systems. The biological recognition component of biosensors usually includes nucleic acids, enzymes, antibodies, organic and biological receptors, microorganisms, cells, tissues, and even some biomimetic structures [16] (Figure 1). Besides, as demands increase, all constituents in the biosensors can be designed and manufactured in large quantities at low cost to satisfy the needs of users.
An overview of advancement in aptasensors for influenza detection
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Varsha Gautam, Ramesh Kumar, Vinod Kumar Jain, Suman Nagpal
In this view, a potentially improved strategy using alternative synthetic receptors that can be generated more rapidly, at a cheaper cost, and by chemical synthesis, to decrease batch variances is highly required. Following this, recent work has been directed toward the synthesis of aptamers that might be employed to build diagnostic tests. To aid in the expansion of these efforts, we evaluate the published methods for choosing aptamers against influenza, gathering the whole sequences of the antiviral aptamers identified so far. This kind of information is rarely discovered in databases. Furthermore, full information on the experimental settings under which aptamers were chosen, as well as their affinity properties, is presented. This knowledge is really beneficial, not just for growth but also for future researchers. In the advent of moving toward point-of-care diagnostics, biosensors are playing a major role. This information may be used to build novel methods for detecting, identifying, and monitoring viruses in clinical samples, as well as a guide for developing aptamers against new viruses. Aptamers have been combined with various transducers to create low-cost devices or biosensors that can be used to detect viral infections early. A biosensor is a device utilizing biomolecules and chemically modified molecules that helps in the early and on-spot detection of such infections without any lab assessments. Sensors consist of two components, generally: a receptor and a transducer.
Point of care molecular and antigen detection tests for COVID-19: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
William Stokes, Byron M. Berenger, Allison A. Venner, Vincent Deslandes, Julie L. V. Shaw
The general class of technology known as ‘biosensors’ show promise to meet these parameters. Biosensors measure the presence of an analyte using biosensing elements, such as an antibody, enzyme, or nucleic acid, and a transducer that measures the interaction and converts it into an electrical signal. Biosensors can be labeled (e.g. fluorescence, enzymes, or magnetic beads) or label free (e.g. surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, optical, and field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors). Advances in microfluidics, ability to print biosensors on paper, and nanotechnology have all made biosensors, especially electrochemical biosensors, a potential POCT candidate due to decreased costs, enhanced sensitivity, and potential for a quantified read out [102]. Interestingly, electrochemical biosensors can be the same size or smaller than the current RAT and can connect to a mobile device.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Antibody
- Enzyme
- Immunoassay
- Nucleic Acid
- Physical Chemistry
- Organelle
- Receptor
- Biological Engineering
- Biotransducer
- Binding Selectivity