Detection Assays and Techniques Against COVID-19
Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga in The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
In POC setting a portable heating tool known as battery-powered was introduced for LAMP amplification. And hence biosensors are used for warning sensing systems to control the system to assist the government to take considerable steps initially to avoid infectious diseases spread. Biosensors have the ability for SARS-CoV2 detection in sewage. It has been known that sewage is a complicated mixture; recently, we have developed a paper-based tool that has exhibited the high value for the identification of pathogens in wastewaters. The obtained results were further cross-checked with an agarose gel image analysis and robust electrophoresis, exhibiting enhanced reliability for waste analysis. The advantages of the biosensor are rapid response, specificity, sensitivity, low cost, friendly usage of tools, and very friendly testing analysis. One of the most important advantages is SARS-CoV2 detection in waste in an early stage so that treatment is possible at early stages. It is because new research shows that it is also found in urine and stools, which then enter sewage treatment plants.
West Nile Virus: The Silent Neuro-Invasive Terror
Jagriti Narang, Manika Khanuja in Small Bite, Big Threat, 2020
Future research should be focused on developing updated nano-based technologies such as designing biosensing devices. Biosensing methods can overcome all the aforementioned limitations of conventional and molecular techniques because biosensor-based technologies are rapid, easy, and cost effective in detection than conventional and molecular methods (Cosnier et al., 2006). For instance, Cosnier et al. (2006) have constructed an electrochemical enzymatic polypyrrole integrated sensor for the detection of WNV. The WNV-specific IgG antibodies have been isolated by developing an amperometric immunosensor (Ionescu et al., 2007). Zhang et al. (2011) have detected WNV using surface-enhanced Raman scattering integrated with Raman active gold nanoparticles. Channon et al. (2018) have developed an electrochemical paper device for the detection of WNV.
Lab-on-a-Chip-Based Devices for Rapid and Accurate Measurement of Nanomaterial Toxicity
Suresh C. Pillai, Yvonne Lang in Toxicity of Nanomaterials, 2019
Sometimes a similar approach is used to address different issues. For example, a luminescence bacterial biosensor primary developed for measurement of water toxicity was modified and utilized for air toxicity determination. The sensing device comprises multiple components integrated into two major parts: disposable and non-disposable. Disposable parts composed of calcium alginate pads encompass immobilized target-specified bioluminescent bacteria. The non-disposable part includes the photomultiplier tube (PMT), liquid light guide, commercialized photosensor module, and corresponding electrical circuitries. Two types of sensors eventually integrate and are placed into a light-tight cylindrical chamber. Photons generated from a biochemical interaction of toxicant and cells pass through the liquid light guide interface and reach the PMT for signal amplification. Real-time monitoring and data analysis are made possible using a custom-built driver (Eltzov et al. 2015a, 2015b).
Diagnostic accuracy of clinically applied nanoparticle-based biosensors at detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA and surface proteins in pharyngeal swabs compared to RT-PCR as a reference test
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Milad Shirvaliloo, Roghayeh Sheervalilou, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Saeid Safiri, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
In short, a biosensor is a device consisting of bioreceptors (e.g. antibody, DNA, protein receptors, etc.) and transducers, and is considered the backbone of biosensing platforms that are commonly used for detection of various molecules such as infective agents and disease-specific biomarkers. The transducer is an integrated part of any biosensor and is responsible for converting a biological response; for instance, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 particles in a patient sample, to electrical, optical, fluorescent or any other type of signal that can be measured visually. Nanobiosensors or nanosensors are, in effect, biosensors with integrated nanomaterials. These nanomaterials include a very extensive range of nanocomposites like nanotubes (NTs), nanorods (NRs), nanowires (NWs) and nanoparticles (NPs), the latter of which have garnered widespread attention, owing to their high carrier capacity and stability [4].
An overview of advancement in aptasensors for influenza detection
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Varsha Gautam, Ramesh Kumar, Vinod Kumar Jain, Suman Nagpal
In this view, a potentially improved strategy using alternative synthetic receptors that can be generated more rapidly, at a cheaper cost, and by chemical synthesis, to decrease batch variances is highly required. Following this, recent work has been directed toward the synthesis of aptamers that might be employed to build diagnostic tests. To aid in the expansion of these efforts, we evaluate the published methods for choosing aptamers against influenza, gathering the whole sequences of the antiviral aptamers identified so far. This kind of information is rarely discovered in databases. Furthermore, full information on the experimental settings under which aptamers were chosen, as well as their affinity properties, is presented. This knowledge is really beneficial, not just for growth but also for future researchers. In the advent of moving toward point-of-care diagnostics, biosensors are playing a major role. This information may be used to build novel methods for detecting, identifying, and monitoring viruses in clinical samples, as well as a guide for developing aptamers against new viruses. Aptamers have been combined with various transducers to create low-cost devices or biosensors that can be used to detect viral infections early. A biosensor is a device utilizing biomolecules and chemically modified molecules that helps in the early and on-spot detection of such infections without any lab assessments. Sensors consist of two components, generally: a receptor and a transducer.
Biosensors for the detection of mycotoxins
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Akansha Shrivastava, Rakesh Kumar Sharma
A biosensor can be defined as any measuring device containing a compound of biological origin and used as a sensing bio-recognition element that is closely associated with a sensor element (physicochemical transducer). Whole microbial cell, antibody, enzyme, protein, and nucleic acid are the most frequently used bio-recognition element. The physicochemical transducer can be electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric optical, and sometimes thermal (Pohanka et al. 2007, Nawaz et al. 2017). A biological recognition element is carefully chosen and immobilized within the biosensor. It must be capable of binding the analyte, which needs to be detected and quantify. During the process, the interaction of target and biorecognition element generates a physicochemical signal eased by the transducer, which is finally interpretable by a read-out device to the user. Fabrication of the biosensor is the most important part of the bio-component. The overall performance of the device depends on factors such as chemical, physical conditions, thickness, and stability of materials used. This process permits sensitive detection of mycotoxins (Evtugyn et al. 2017) (Table 1).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Antibody
- Enzyme
- Immunoassay
- Nucleic Acid
- Physical Chemistry
- Organelle
- Receptor
- Biological Engineering
- Biotransducer
- Binding Selectivity