Functional Rehabilitation
James Crossley in Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
There are several branches of biomechanics. Kinematics is the study of the relative movement of body segments through space. Kinetics investigates the forces that produce, arrest and modify motion, analyzing biomechanical forces like momentum, inertia, mechanical advantage and leverage. Ostokinematics and arthokinematics apply biomechanical principles to the movement of bones and joints. Kinematics – the study of human motionKinetics – the study of forces that produce, arrest and modify motionOsteokinematics – the study of bone motionArthrokinematics – the study of joint motion Biomechanics is frequently applied to enhance performance, improve safety and prevent injury. Biomechanists analyze film footage using mathematical models to find the most effective way to perform any task or skill – calculating the best way to sit, stand, walk, run, jump and throw, how we should organize movement and activate muscle. Deviation from correct form and technique is considered dysfunctional – a source of inefficiency, decreased performance, stress, strain and increased risk injury.
Prosthetics and Limb Health in Extreme Sports
Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi in Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
A coalition of scientific disciplines such as biomechanical and structural engineering, kinesiology, and material fabrication are traditionally considered essential for the development of effective prosthetic devices for use in sport or regular living. Following fitting of the prosthetic, experts in sports medicine, physical therapy, orthopedic medicine, and athletic training add support for competitive amputees. A critical determinant in training for active performance with a prosthetic limb is the health of the residual limb. To this end, quantitative, non-invasive measurement of limb health outcomes including tissue perfusion, oxygenation, hydration, and skin barrier function can aid in the design and testing of advanced prosthetics and other therapeutic interventions while preserving residual limb health (Figure 6.1).
Head and neck
Tor Wo Chiu in Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Unfavourable fractures (Figure 3.4) are those that are likely to become displaced due to muscle action on the fracture fragments. The angle, in particular, is a ‘lever’ area biomechanically; this leads to the highest complication rate. The dynamic forces have important implications for the biomechanics: Compression forces along the inferior borderTensile forces (tending to pull apart) along the superior borderTorsional forces between canines
Improving healthy work culture measures using participatory ergonomic interventions
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Rasoul Yarahmadi, Somayeh Soleimani-Alyar, Mohammad Reza Vafa
The main benefits of using ergonomics in several scientific domains such as biomechanics, psychology, sociology and physiology have been widely stated. However, in these studies, attention to other influencing factors such as nutrition and its effect on the health and productivity of the labor force had been neglected. Nutra-ergonomics explains the interface between workers, their work environment and performance based on the nutritional status of workers. It seems that the nutrition status of workers is an undeniable component of a safe and productive workplace that encompasses physical and mental health as well as the long-term well-being of workers [13]. Attention to nutrition in the physiology of work would be a good subject for researchers. The condition and quality of nutrition play an important role in the calorie intake rate and aerobic capacity of workers, and thus the work capacity of persons and work output. So, this parameter is a key factor in work efficiency and labor productivity [14]. Higher income, health and nutrition have a positive effect on productivity at both labor and organizational levels, and therefore are included in per-capita income (micro level) and economic growth (macro level) of a country [15]. Working hard without taking enough calories will result in a bad condition of health, hypertension, obesity, tiredness and awkward postures during work, etc. Thus, awareness promotion of the intervention group about nutrition status was considered one of the intended interventions in the present study.
The Influence of Countermovements on Inter-Segmental Coordination and Mechanical Energy Transfer during Vertical Jumping
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2021
Devon H. Frayne, John L. Zettel, Tyson A. C. Beach, Stephen H. M. Brown
The abovementioned kinematic and kinetic data were inputted into Visual3D biomechanical modelling software (Version 6; C-Motion Inc., Germantown, MD, USA) for further analysis. Marker coordinates of the right lower limb, pelvis and trunk and ground reaction forces were all filtered (4th-order zero-lag low-pass Butterworth filter with a 6Hz cutoff) and subsequently used as inputs for a sagittal-plane linked segment inverse dynamics analysis to quantify net joint moments and reaction forces at the ankle, knee, hip and lumbar spine (Winter, 2009). Dempster’s standard body segment parameters were used for all segments except for the combined head, arms and trunk (HAT) (Winter, 2009). Sagittal foot, shank, thigh, pelvis and trunk segment angles and angular velocities and ankle, knee, hip and lumbar joint reaction forces, net joint moments and vertical ground reaction forces were then exported as inputs to calculate work done due to mechanical energy transfer (W-MET), jump height and inter-segmental coordination patterns (CRP angles) in custom-written software (Matlab R2017b, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).
Biomechanical analysis of lumbar spine with interbody fusion surgery and U-shaped lumbar interspinous spacers
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Jia-Yu Yin, Li-Xin Guo
Recently, studies of biomechanical performance of Coflex and Coflex-F have focused on static analysis. Kettler et al. (2008) proposed that implanting Coflex-F could compensate instability in all loading directions and reserve enough intervertebral motion in vitro. Lo et al. (2011b) concluded that Coflex had no influence on adjacent segments in different mobile direction except extension. However, Coflex-F could increase range of motion (ROM) and stress of adjacent segments so as to accelerate the degeneration of intervertebral discs. Few studies consider the dynamic characteristics of lumbar spines with implants. Xu et al. (2016) demonstrated that the rigid fusion surgery could increase resonant frequency of the whole lumbar spine. Also, post-surgical scoliosis spine generated larger intradiscal pressure (IDP) and disc bulges comparing with healthy and pre-surgical scoliosis spine. Fan et al. (2018) suggested that vibration amplitude at fused segment and adjacent segments decreased under a vertical sinusoidal load.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Arteriole
- Blood
- Organelle
- Red Blood Cell
- Cell
- Biophysics
- Whole Blood
- Fåhræus–Lindqvist Effect
- Fitness
- Jumping