Calcium Phosphate and Bioactive Glasses
Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez in Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
There is a need for new biomaterials that can substitute damaged tissues, stimulate the body’s own regenerative mechanisms and promote tissue healing. Porous templates referred to as ‘scaffolds’ are thought to be required for three-dimensional tissue growth. Bioceramics, a special set of fully, partially or non-crystalline ceramics (e.g., calcium phosphates, bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics) that are designed for the repair and reconstruction of diseased parts of the body, have high potential as scaffold materials. Traditionally, bioceramics have been used to fill and restore bone and dental defects (repair of hard tissues). More recently, this category of biomaterials has also revealed promising applications in the field of soft-tissue engineering. Therefore, the use of bioceramics in biomedical applications is on the increase.
Bioceramic Nanoparticles for Tissue Engineering
Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan in Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
During the past few years, different varieties of materials (bioresorbable, bioactive, biodegradable, and permanent) have been designed and engineered to construct these TE applicable scaffolds. But among all of them, bioceramics have been considered extensively, as bone cement since 1892, due to their properties like corrosion resistance, a hard brittle surface, osteoconductivity, and excellent in vivo biological responses with minimal foreign body response, which are not shown by other materials such as metals and polymers. In general, bioceramics are divided into three categories depending on their integration with surrounding tissue after implantation (Table 6.1).
Application of Platelet Rich Fibrin in Tissue Engineering: Focus on Bone Regeneration
Published in Platelets, 2021
Ahmad Reza Farmani, Mohammad Hossein Nekoofar, Somayeh Ebrahimi Barough, Mahmoud Azami, Nima Rezaei, Sohrab Najafipour, Jafar Ai
Tissue engineering aims to provide a new and effective treatment for bone defects, so this attempt focuses on utilizing the body’s ability for the regeneration of bone. In bone tissue engineering, three major components, including stem cells, scaffold, and growth factors are required [1]. Stem cells, which are differentiated to different lines of a cell such as osteogenic cells, act as a cell source for new bone. Also, mesenchymal stem cells are the most common cell source in bone tissue engineering [2–4]. Also, biomaterials have essential roles in tissue engineering, including providing temporary mechanical support, encouraging cell adhesion, replication, differentiation and controlling the size and shape of the regenerated tissue [5]. Bioceramics are usually found only in hard tissues such as bones and teeth. The most important bioceramic in the hard tissues is hydroxyapatite [6], which forms the predominant mineral nature of the bone structure, making them the primary option for constructing scaffolds in bone tissue engineering [7,8]. Owing to the special properties of nanomaterials such as high surface area, unique bioactivity, and other desirable features, using nanostructures especially nano-ceramics, and nanofibers in bone tissue engineering has been increased drastically [9–11]. Additionally, for imitating the structure of bone, the direction of research has been extended to the production of a scaffold that mimics the natural mineralization process of bone formation [12,13].
Enhanced sciatic nerve regeneration by human endometrial stem cells in an electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone)/collagen/NBG nerve conduit in rat
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Forouzan Mohamadi, Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough, Mohammad Reza Nourani, Korosh Mansoori, Majid Salehi, Ali Akbar Alizadeh, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Farshid Sefat, Siavash Sharifi, Jafar Ai
The PNS has the capacity and an intrinsic ability for regeneration after injury. Use of a nerve autograft is the “golden standard” for the repair of nerve defects in clinic. Due to associated donor site morbidity, neuroma formation, autografts infections, the necessity of a second surgery for its removal, loss of function and several alternatives to bridge the nerve gap have been investigated [2]. To seek alternatives for autografts, nerve conduits (artificial nerve guides) have been reported for the easy specification of conduit sizes and the availability for mass production. Electrospinning is a suitable choice to fabricate nanofibrous conduits with tailored porosity, tuneable degradation rate and adequate cell attachment which can easily provide mass production of different-sized conduits made of nanofibers or submicron fibres [4]. PCL and collagen are polymers with good biocompatibility, biodegradability, desired cell adhesion and suitable surface properties, which have been used widely in biomedical fields [22]. In contrast, bioceramics are usually used in combination with biodegradable polymers to acquire the best possible mechanical and biological function [6]. Additionally, the added NBG has a profound effect on the growth of the peripheral axons and beneficial effect on angiogenesis [8,23,24]. In our previous work [25], it was proved that the PCL/collagen/NBG conduit had suitable mechanical properties, cytocompatibility as biomaterials and the ability to support Human Endometrial Stem cells (hEnSCs) adhesion and proliferation.
Use new poly (ε-caprolactone/collagen/NBG) nerve conduits along with NGF for promoting peripheral (sciatic) nerve regeneration in a rat
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Forouzan Mohamadi, Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough, Mohammad Reza Nourani, Akbar Ahmadi, Jafar Ai
In ensuring the success of neural tissue engineering, material selection plays a decisive role as specified by Ezra et al. [7]. By tailoring the material degradation rates and mechanical features, it is possible to reduce the inflammatory response, thus improving the guidance and support to preserve axon regeneration [8]. Poly (ε-caprolactone)(PCL) as a synthetic material in combination with a natural polymer of collagen are attractive as neural tissue engineering conduits to obtain a scaffold with favorable cell adhesion, tailored degradation rate, appropriate mechanical and surface properties [9]. On the other hand, bioceramics are usually used combined with different polymers to obtain the best possible biological and mechanical properties. The characteristics of nanobioglasses (NBG) include excellent bioactivity, ability to deliver cells and controllable biodegradability to release ions during the degradation process [10]. While bioactive glasses have been used widely for bone regeneration, little research has been done on the application of bioactive glasses to the regeneration of soft tissues, peripheral nerve regeneration [3]. Also, recent studies indicate that low concentrations of 45S5 bioactive glass induce angiogenesis, which is necessary for multiple applications in tissue regeneration and the healing of soft tissue wounds [11].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Biocompatibility
- Biomaterial
- Bone
- Dental Implant
- Oxide
- Bioglass 45S5
- Implant
- Vitallium
- Cermet
- Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker